Wprowadzenia do Present Simple vs Past Simple

Present Simple oraz Past Simple to dwa angielskie czasy proste. Czas Present Simple jest używany do mówienia o teraźniejszość – do opisywania powtarzających się czynności, stanów czy faktów, a także o wiele więcej. Present Simple to pierwszy czas, który poznajemy gdy zaczynamy naukę języka angielskiego. Natomiast Past Simple to czas przeszły. Jest używany do mówienia o czynnościach, które miały miejsce w przeszłości. Czas Past Simple to pierwszy czas przeszły jaki poznajemy na początku naszej przygody z językiem angielskim. Zwykle jest to też drugi czas, po czasie Present Simple jaki poznajemy (lub trzeci po czasie Present Continuous).

Porównanie Present Simple z Past Simple

Present Simple		Past Simple
Konstrukcja zdania twierdzącego
Osoba + bezokolicznik I work. You work. He/she/it works. We work. You work. They work.		Osoba + czasownik w Past Simple I worked. You worked. He/she/it worked. We worked. You worked. They worked.
Konstrukcja przeczenia
Osoba + do/does + not + bezokolicznik I do not work. You do not work. He/she/it does not work. We do not work. You do not work. They do not work. do not = don’t does not = doesn’t		Osoba + did + not + bezokolicznik I did not work. You did not work. He/she/it did not work. We did not work. You did not work. They did not work. did not = didn’t
Konstrukcja pytania
Do/does + osoba + bezokolicznik Do I work? Do you work? Does he/she/it work? Do we work? Do you work? Do they work?		Did + osoba + bezokolicznik Did I work? Did you work? Did he/she/it work? Did we work? Did you work? Did they work?
Konstrukcja zdania twierdzącego z czasownikiem to be
Osoba + to be I am a teacher. You are a teacher. He/she/it is a teacher. We are teachers. You are teachers. They are teachers.		Osoba + to be w Past Simple I was a teacher. You were a teacher. He/she/it was a teacher. We were teachers. You were teachers. They were teachers.
Konstrukcja przeczenia z czasownikiem to be
Osoba + to be + not I am not a teacher. You are not a teacher. He/she/it is not a teacher. We are not teachers. You are not teachers. They are not teachers. is not = isn’t are not = aren’t X am not = amn’t		Osoba + to be w Past Simple + not I was not a teacher. You were not a teacher. He/she/it was not a teacher. We were not teachers. You were not teachers. They were not teachers. was not = wasn’t were not = weren’t
Konstrukcja pytania z czasownikiem to be
To be + osoba Am I a teacher? Are you a teacher? Is he/she/it a teacher? Are we teachers? Are you teachers? Are they teachers?		To be w Past Simple + osoba Was I a teacher? Were you a teacher? Was he/she/it a teacher? Were we teachers? Were you teachers? Were they teachers?
Użycie
+ powtarzające się czynności I do laundry every Saturday. She goes to the gym every week.		+ zakończona jednorazowa czynność w przeszłości I did laundry on Saturday. We went to the gym yesterday.
+ stany i fakty I am tired. He has a dog.		+ czynność która miała miejsce w przeszłości i zakończyła się w przeszłości He bought a car. She went to school.
+ nawyki I always watch TV in the evenings. I eat cereal for breakfast.		+ regularna czynność wykonywana w przeszłości She played the guitar when she was in school. I built a snowman every winter when I was a child.
+ opisywanie fabuły The main character goes to the doctor and learns he’s very sick. They travel on a big ship but the ship sinks in the end.		+ narracja dotycząca przeszłości Avah made dinner and ate it alone. They saved money and bought themselves a big house.
+ przekazywanie sekwencji akcji Every day, I wake up at 7 a.m. and have a shower. Then, I eat breakfast and go to work.		+ pokazanie sekwencji wydarzeń w przeszłości Yesterday, I woke up at 7 a.m. I had a shower and then I ate a sandwich for breakfast.
+ ogólne prawdy o świecie The moon orbits the Earth. The snow melts in high temperatures.		+ krótsza czynność z dwóch czynności w przeszłości Adam changed the channel while I was getting the food. We were talking when the picture fell down.
+ preferencje I like to read fantasy books. I hate brussels sprouts.		+ zakończona czynność, która trwała jakiś czas w przeszłości I lived in Paris for 3 years. They talked for half an hour.
+ wyrażenie przyszłości (rozkłady, grafiki) The concert starts at 8 p.m. The bus leaves in fifteen minutes.		+ drugi okres warunkowy If I was rich, I wouldn’t work. If I had a dog, I would go for long walks with him.
Charakterystyczne słowa i wyrażenia
+ every week/month/day etc. + once a day/ twice a day etc. + on Mondays/Tuesdays etc. + przysłówki częstotliwości (often, never etc.) Anna goes to Miami every summer. He calls once a day. I go shopping on Wednesdays. We often chat on the phone.		+ last week/month/year etc. + in … [year/month] + yesterday + a week ago/ a month ago etc. We adopted a dog last year. I moved to New York in 2015. She had an accident yesterday. John was sick a week ago.
Ważne informacje
+ końcówka -s W trzeciej osobie liczby pojedynczej do czasowników dodaje się końcówkę -s. I cook dinner every day. She cooks dinner every day.		+ końcówka -ed Czasowniki regularne tworzą formy czasu przeszłego poprzez dodanie końcówki -ed. I cook dinner every day. I cooked dinner yesterday.
+ do vs does W trzeciej osobie liczby pojedynczej w przeczeniach oraz pytaniach używa się czasownika does i pomija się końcówkę -s.		+ czasowniki nieregularne Czasowniki nieregularne nie mają jednakowych zasad tworzenia form czasu przeszłego. Tabelę z formami czasu przeszłego tych czasowników można znaleźć tutaj.

Present Simple

Past Simple

Konstrukcja zdania twierdzącego

Osoba + bezokolicznik

I work.
You work.
He/she/it works.
We work.
You work.
They work.

Osoba + czasownik w Past Simple

I worked.
You worked.
He/she/it worked.
We worked.
You worked.
They worked.

Konstrukcja przeczenia

Osoba + do/does + not + bezokolicznik

I do not work.
You do not work.
He/she/it does not work.
We do not work.
You do not work.
They do not work.

do not = don’t
does not = doesn’t

Osoba + did + not + bezokolicznik

I did not work.
You did not work.
He/she/it did not work.
We did not work.
You did not work.
They did not work.

did not = didn’t

Konstrukcja pytania

Do/does + osoba + bezokolicznik

Do I work?
Do you work?
Does he/she/it work?
Do we work?
Do you work?
Do they work?

Did + osoba + bezokolicznik

Did I work?
Did you work?
Did he/she/it work?
Did we work?
Did you work?
Did they work?

Konstrukcja zdania twierdzącego z czasownikiem to be

Osoba + to be

I am a teacher.
You are a teacher.
He/she/it is a teacher.
We are teachers.
You are teachers.
They are teachers.

Osoba + to be w Past Simple

I was a teacher.
You were a teacher.
He/she/it was a teacher.
We were teachers.
You were teachers.
They were teachers.

Konstrukcja przeczenia z czasownikiem to be

Osoba + to be + not

I am not a teacher.
You are not a teacher.
He/she/it is not a teacher.
We are not teachers.
You are not teachers.
They are not teachers.

is not = isn’t
are not = aren’t
X am not = amn’t

Osoba + to be w Past Simple + not

I was not a teacher.
You were not a teacher.
He/she/it was not a teacher.
We were not teachers.
You were not teachers.
They were not teachers.

was not = wasn’t
were not = weren’t

Konstrukcja pytania z czasownikiem to be

To be + osoba

Am I a teacher?
Are you a teacher?
Is he/she/it a teacher?
Are we teachers?
Are you teachers?
Are they teachers?

To be w Past Simple + osoba

Was I a teacher?
Were you a teacher?
Was he/she/it a teacher?
Were we teachers?
Were you teachers?
Were they teachers?

Użycie

+ powtarzające się czynności

I do laundry every Saturday.
She goes to the gym every week.

+ zakończona jednorazowa czynność w przeszłości

I did laundry on Saturday.
We went to the gym yesterday.

+ stany i fakty

I am tired.
He has a dog.

+ czynność która miała miejsce w przeszłości i zakończyła się w przeszłości

He bought a car.
She went to school.

+ nawyki

I always watch TV in the evenings.
I eat cereal for breakfast.

+ regularna czynność wykonywana w przeszłości

She played the guitar when she was in school.
I built a snowman every winter when I was a child.

+ opisywanie fabuły

The main character goes to the doctor and learns he’s very sick.
They travel on a big ship but the ship sinks in the end.

+ narracja dotycząca przeszłości

Avah made dinner and ate it alone.
They saved money and bought themselves a big house.

+ przekazywanie sekwencji akcji

Every day, I wake up at 7 a.m. and have a shower. Then, I eat breakfast and go to work.

+ pokazanie sekwencji wydarzeń w przeszłości

Yesterday, I woke up at 7 a.m. I had a shower and then I ate a sandwich for breakfast.

+ ogólne prawdy o świecie

The moon orbits the Earth.
The snow melts in high temperatures.

+ krótsza czynność z dwóch czynności w przeszłości

Adam changed the channel while I was getting the food.
We were talking when the picture fell down.

+ preferencje

I like to read fantasy books.
I hate brussels sprouts.

+ zakończona czynność, która trwała jakiś czas w przeszłości

I lived in Paris for 3 years.
They talked for half an hour.

+ wyrażenie przyszłości (rozkłady, grafiki)

The concert starts at 8 p.m.
The bus leaves in fifteen minutes.

+ drugi okres warunkowy

If I was rich, I wouldn’t work.
If I had a dog, I would go for long walks with him.

Charakterystyczne słowa i wyrażenia

+ every week/month/day etc.
+ once a day/ twice a day etc.
+ on Mondays/Tuesdays etc.
+ przysłówki częstotliwości (often, never etc.)

Anna goes to Miami every summer.
He calls once a day.
I go shopping on Wednesdays.
We often chat on the phone.

+ last week/month/year etc.
+ in … [year/month]
+ yesterday
+ a week ago/ a month ago etc.

We adopted a dog last year.
I moved to New York in 2015.
She had an accident yesterday.
John was sick a week ago.

Ważne informacje

+ końcówka -s

W trzeciej osobie liczby pojedynczej do czasowników dodaje się końcówkę -s.

I cook dinner every day.
She cooks dinner every day.

+ końcówka -ed

Czasowniki regularne tworzą formy czasu przeszłego poprzez dodanie końcówki -ed.

I cook dinner every day.
I cooked dinner yesterday.

+ do vs does

W trzeciej osobie liczby pojedynczej w przeczeniach oraz pytaniach używa się czasownika does i pomija się końcówkę -s.

+ czasowniki nieregularne

Czasowniki nieregularne nie mają jednakowych zasad tworzenia form czasu przeszłego. Tabelę z formami czasu przeszłego tych czasowników można znaleźć tutaj.

Present Simple vs Past Simple