Grupowanie czasowników nieregularnych: wstęp
Czasowniki nieregularne to takie, które trzeba po prostu zapamiętać, gdyż ich form w czasach przeszłych nie tworzymy regularnie. Jednak, grupowanie czasowników nieregularnych ułatwi nam zapamiętywanie ich. Podzielimy je na następujące kategorie:
czasowniki, w których wszystkie formy są takie same
czasowniki, w których druga i trzecia forma są takie same
czasowniki, których wszystkie trzy formy są różne
Uwaga!
Język angielski ma wiele nieregularnych czasowników. Warto zacząć ich naukę od 20 najpopularniejszych czasowników nieregularnych.
Czasowniki, w których wszystkie formy są takie same
Czasowniki, w których wszystkie formy są takie same to najprostsza grupa czasowników do opanowania. Wystarczy, nauczyć się formy podstawowej.
Grupowanie czasowników nieregularnych: wszystkie formy takie same
| I forma (infinitive) |
II forma (past tense) |
III forma (past participle) |
|---|---|---|
| bet [bet] | bet [bet] | bet [bet] |
| bid [bɪd] | bid [bɪd] | bid [bɪd] |
| broadcast [ˈbrɒːdkæst] | broadcast [ˈbrɒːdkæst] | broadcast [ˈbrɒːdkæst] |
| burst [bɜːrst] | burst [bɜːrst] | burst [bɜːrst] |
| cast [kæst] | cast [kæst] | cast [kæst] |
| cost [kɒːst] | cost [kɒːst] | cost [kɒːst] |
| cut [kʌt] | cut [kʌt] | cut [kʌt] |
| fit [fɪt] | fit [fɪt] | fit [fɪt] |
| hit [hɪt] | hit [hɪt] | hit [hɪt] |
| hurt [hɜːrt] | hurt [hɜːrt] | hurt [hɜːrt] |
| knit [nɪt] | knit [nɪt] | knit [nɪt] |
| let [let] | let [let] | let [let] |
| put [pʊt] | put [pʊt] | put [pʊt] |
| quit [kwɪt] | quit [kwɪt] | quit [kwɪt] |
| set [set] | set [set] | set [set] |
| shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] |
| spit [spɪt] | spit [spɪt] | spit [spɪt] |
| split [splɪt] | split [splɪt] | split [splɪt] |
| spread [spred] | spread [spred] | spread [spred] |
| upset [ʌpˈset] | upset [ʌpˈset] | upset [ʌpˈset] |
Grupowanie czasowników nieregularnych: druga i trzecia forma są takie same.
W tym przypadku nauka również nie sprawia większych problemów – wystarczy opanować drugą formę i od razu mamy opanowaną również tę trzecią.
Wśród tych czasowników możemy wyróżnić podgrupę czasowników :
zakończonych na -ought lub -aught
czasowniki w drugiej i trzeciej formie są identyczne
Grupowanie czasowników nieregularnych: druga form = trzecia forma z „-ought” i „-aught”.
| I forma (infinitive) |
II forma (past tense) |
III forma (past participle) |
|---|---|---|
| bring [brɪŋ] | brought [brɒːt] | brought [brɒːt] |
| buy [baɪ] | bought [bɒːt] | bought [bɒːt] |
| catch [kætʃ] | caught [kɒːt] | caught [kɒːt] |
| fight [faɪt] | fought [fɒːt] | fought [fɒːt] |
| seek [siːk] | sought [sɒːt] | sought [sɒːt] |
| teach [tiːtʃ] | taught [tɒːt] | taught [tɒːt] |
| think [θɪŋk] | thought [θɒːt] | thought [θɒːt] |
Grupowanie czasowników nieregularnych: druga forma = trzecia forma.
| I forma (infinitive) |
II forma (past tense) |
III forma (past participle) |
|---|---|---|
| B | ||
| bend [bend] | bent [bent] | bent [bent] |
| bind [baɪnd] | bound [baʊnd] | bound [baʊnd] |
| bleed [bliːd] | bled [bled] | bled [bled] |
| breed [briːd] | bred [bred] | bred [bred] |
| build [bɪld] | built [bɪlt] | built [bɪlt] |
| burn [bɜːrn] | burnt [bɜːrnt] | burnt [bɜːrnt] |
| C | ||
| cling [klɪŋ] | clung [klʌŋ] | clung [klʌŋ] |
| creep [kriːp] | crept [krept] | crept [krept] |
| D | ||
| deal [diːl] | dealt [delt] | dealt [delt] |
| dig [dɪɡ] | dug [dʌɡ] | dug [dʌɡ] |
| dream [driːm] | dreamt [dremt] | dreamt [dremt] |
| F | ||
| feed [fiːd] | fed [fed] | fed [fed] |
| feel [fiːl] | felt [felt] | felt [felt] |
| find [faɪnd] | found [faʊnd] | found [faʊnd] |
| flee [fliː] | fled [fled] | fled [fled] |
| fling [flɪŋ] | flung [flʌŋ] | flung [flʌŋ] |
| G | ||
| grind [ɡraɪnd] | ground [ɡraʊnd] | ground [ɡraʊnd] |
| H | ||
| hang [hæŋ] | hung [hʌŋ] | hung [hʌŋ] |
| have [hæv] | had [hæd] | had [hæd] |
| hear [hɪr] | heard [hɜːrd] | heard [hɜːrd] |
| hold [hoʊld] | held [held] | held [held] |
| K | ||
| keep [kiːp] | kept [kept] | kept [kept] |
| L | ||
| lay [leɪ] | laid [leɪd] | laid [leɪd] |
| lead [liːd] | led [led] | led [led] |
| leave [liːv] | left [left] | left [left] |
| lend [lend] | lent [lent] | lent [lent] |
| light [laɪt] | lit [lɪt] | lit [lɪt] |
| lose [luːz] | lost [lɒːst] | lost [lɒːst] |
| M | ||
| make [meɪk] | made [meɪd] | made [meɪd] |
| mean [miːn] | meant [ment] | meant [ment] |
| meet [miːt] | met [met] | met [met] |
| P | ||
| pay [peɪ] | paid [peɪd] | paid [peɪd] |
| R | ||
| read [riːd] | read [red] | read [red] |
| S | ||
| say [seɪ] | said [sed] | said [sed] |
| sell [sel] | sold [soʊld] | sold [soʊld] |
| send [send] | sent [sent] | sent [sent] |
| shine [ʃaɪn] | shone [ʃoʊn] | shone [ʃoʊn] |
| shoot [ʃuːt] | shot [ʃɑːt] | shot [ʃɑːt] |
| sit [sɪt] | sat [sæt] | sat [sæt] |
| sleep [sliːp] | slept [slept] | slept [slept] |
| slide [slaɪd] | slid [slɪd] | slid [slɪd] |
| spend [spend] | spent [spent] | spent [spent] |
| spin [spɪn] | spun [spʌn] | spun [spʌn] |
| spoil [spɔɪl] | spoilt [spɔɪlt] | spoilt [spɔɪlt] |
| stand [stænd] | stood [stʊd] | stood [stʊd] |
| stick [stɪk] | stuck [stʌk] | stuck [stʌk] |
| sting [stɪŋ] | stung [stʌŋ] | stung [stʌŋ] |
| strike [straɪk] | struck [strʌk] | struck [strʌk] |
| string [strɪŋ] | strung [strʌŋ] | strung [strʌŋ] |
| sweep [swiːp] | swept [swept] | swept [swept] |
| swing [swɪŋ] | swung [swʌŋ] | swung [swʌŋ] |
| T | ||
| tell [tel] | told [toʊld] | told [toʊld] |
| U | ||
| understand [ˌʌndərˈstænd] | understood [ˌʌndərˈstʊd] | understood [ˌʌndərˈstʊd] |
| W | ||
| weep [wiːp] | wept [wept] | wept [wept] |
| win [wɪn] | won [wʌn] | won [wʌn] |
| wind [waɪnd] | wound [waʊnd] | wound [waʊnd] |
| wring [rɪŋ] | wrung [rʌŋ] | wrung [rʌŋ] |
Grupowanie czasowników nieregularnych: wszystkie trzy formy są różne.
Czasowniki, które mają różne formy również możemy pogrupować.
zakończone na -own lub -awn
czasowniki w których następuje zmiana samogłoski
zakończone na -n
Grupowanie czasowników nieregularnych: czasowniki zakończone na -own lub -awn.
| I forma (infinitive) |
II forma (past tense) |
III forma (past participle) |
|---|---|---|
| blow [bloʊ] | blew [bluː] | blown [bloʊn] |
| draw [drɒː] | drew [druː] | drawn [drɒːn] |
| fly [flaɪ] | flew [fluː] | flown [floʊn] |
| grow [ɡroʊ] | grew [ɡruː] | grown [ɡroʊn] |
| know [noʊ] | knew [nuː] | known [noʊn] |
Grupowanie czasowników nieregularnych: następuje zmiana samogłoski
| I forma (infinitive) |
II forma (past tense) |
III forma (past participle) |
|---|---|---|
| begin [bɪˈɡɪn] | began [bɪˈɡæn] | begun [bɪˈɡʌn] |
| drink [drɪŋk] | drank [dræŋk] | drunk [drʌŋk] |
| ring [rɪŋ] | rang [ræŋ] | rung [rʌŋ] |
| run [rʌn] | ran [ræn] | run [rʌn] |
| stink [stɪŋk] | stank [stæŋk] | stunk [stʌŋk] |
| swim [swɪm] | swam [swæm] | swum [swʌm] |
Grupowanie czasowników nieregularnych: czasowniki zakończone na -n
| I forma (infinitive) |
II forma (past tense) |
III forma (past participle) |
|---|---|---|
| A | ||
| arise [əˈraɪz] | arose [əˈroʊz] | arisen [əˈrɪzən] |
| B | ||
| beat [biːt] | beat [biːt] | beaten [ˈbiːtn] |
| bite [baɪt] | bit [bɪt] | bitten [ˈbɪtn] |
| break [breɪk] | broke [broʊk] | broken [ˈbroʊkən] |
| C | ||
| choose [tʃuːz] | chose [tʃoʊz] | chosen [ˈtʃoʊzən] |
| D | ||
| drive [draɪv] | drove [droʊv] | driven [ˈdrɪvən] |
| F | ||
| fall [fɒːl] | fell [fel] | fallen [ˈfɒːlən] |
| forbid [fərˈbɪd] | forbade [fərˈbeɪd] | forbidden [fərˈbɪdn] |
| forget [fərˈɡet] | forgot [fərˈɡɑːt] | forgotten [fərˈɡɑːtn] |
| forgive [fərˈɡɪv] | forgave [fərˈɡeɪv] | forgiven [fərˈɡɪvən] |
| forsake [fərˈseɪk] | forsook [fərˈsʊk] | forsaken [fərˈseɪkən] |
| freeze [friːz] | froze [froʊz] | frozen [ˈfroʊzən] |
| G | ||
| get [ɡet] | got [ɡɑːt] | gotten [ˈɡɑːtn] |
| give [ɡɪv] | gave [ɡeɪv] | given [ˈɡɪvən] |
| P | ||
| prove [pruːv] | proved [pruːvd] | proven [pruːvən] |
| R | ||
| ride [raɪd] | rode [roʊd] | ridden [ˈrɪdn] |
| rise [raɪz] | rose [roʊz] | risen [ˈrɪzən] |
| S | ||
| see [siː] | saw [sɒː] | seen [siːn] |
| sew [soʊ] | sewed [soʊd] | sewn [soʊn] |
| shake [ʃeɪk] | shook [ʃʊk] | shaken [ˈʃeɪkən] |
| show [ʃoʊ] | showed [ʃoʊd] | shown [ʃoʊn] |
| sow [soʊ] | sowed [soʊd] | sown [soʊn] |
| speak [spiːk] | spoke [spoʊk] | spoken [ˈspoʊkən] |
| steal [stiːl] | stole [stoʊl] | stolen [stoʊlən] |
| swear [swer] | swore [swɔːr] | sworn [swɔːrn] |
| swell [swel] | swelled [sweld] | swollen [ˈswoʊlən] |
| T | ||
| take [teɪk] | took [tʊk] | taken [ˈteɪkən] |
| throw [θroʊ] | threw [θruː] | thrown [θroʊn] |
| W | ||
| wake [weɪk] | woke [woʊk] | woken [ˈwoʊkən] |
| wear [wer] | wore [wɔːr] | worn [wɔːrn] |
| write [raɪt] | wrote [roʊt] | written [ˈrɪtn] |
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