{"id":18957,"date":"2021-04-09T06:00:55","date_gmt":"2021-04-09T04:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellalanguage.com\/blog\/?p=18957"},"modified":"2023-10-25T11:29:16","modified_gmt":"2023-10-25T09:29:16","slug":"unless","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ellalanguage.com\/blog\/unless\/","title":{"rendered":"UNLESS"},"content":{"rendered":"

Unless: wst\u0119p<\/h1>\n

Unless to sp\u00f3jnik, kt\u00f3ry przet\u0142umaczymy jako “je\u015bli nie” lub “chyba \u017ce”. S\u0142owo unless oznacza jaki\u015b wyj\u0105tek, kt\u00f3ry zmieni omawian\u0105 sytuacj\u0119. Unless ma znaczenie negatywne, dlatego w zdaniu z unless nie wstawia si\u0119 przeczenia.<\/p>\n

Zdanie z unless<\/h2>\n

Zdanie z unless sk\u0142ada si\u0119 z dw\u00f3ch cz\u0119\u015bci. Je\u015bli unless wyst\u0119puje na pocz\u0105tku zdania, wtedy obydwie cz\u0119\u015bci zdania oddzielamy przecinkiem.<\/p>\n

Unless<\/span> I get sick, I\u2019m going to the concert on Saturday.<\/b><\/p>\n

Natomiast je\u015bli unless jest w drugiej cz\u0119\u015bci zdania, wtedy nie wstawiamy przecinka.<\/p>\n

I\u2019m going to the concert on Saturday unless<\/span> I get sick.<\/b><\/p>\n

Zwr\u00f3\u0107my uwag\u0119 na to, \u017ce m\u00f3wi\u0105c o przysz\u0142o\u015bci u\u017cywamy czasu tera\u017aniejszego. Po unless nie stawiamy will.<\/p>\n

I won\u2019t go unless he will pay me back.<\/div>\n

I won\u2019t go unless he pays me back.<\/p>\n

\n

Unless w okresach warunkowych<\/h2>\n

Okresy warunkowe (conditionals)<\/b> inaczej nazywane trybami warunkowymi to konstrukcje gramatyczne u\u017cywane, aby powiedzie\u0107 \u017ce “je\u015bli co\u015b… to co\u015b”, czyli co\u015b si\u0119 wydarzy je\u015bli jaki\u015b warunek zostanie spe\u0142niony. Unless to jedno z charakterystycznych s\u0142\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re mo\u017ce by\u0107 u\u017cyte we wszystkich okresach warunkowych, chocia\u017c najcz\u0119\u015bciej wyst\u0119puje w zerowym i pierwszym okresie warunkowym.<\/p>\n

Zero conditional – zerowy okres warunkowy<\/h3>\n

Zerowy okres warunkowy wykorzystujemy, aby m\u00f3wi\u0107 o czym\u015b, co na pewno si\u0119 wydarzy, je\u015bli dany warunek zostanie wype\u0142niony. Najcz\u0119\u015bciej w zerowym trybie t\u0142umaczymy unless, jako “chyba \u017ce”. W tym okresie warunkowym po unless stawiamy Present Simple<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Unless<\/span> + Present Simple<\/span> + Present Simple<\/span><\/h5>\n
Unless<\/span> you eat<\/span>, you get<\/span> hungry.<\/b><\/div>\n

You get<\/span> hungry unless<\/span> you eat<\/span>.<\/b><\/p>\n

First conditional – pierwszy okres warunkowy<\/h3>\n

Pierwszy okres warunkowy wykorzystujemy, aby m\u00f3wi\u0107 o czym\u015b, co najprawdopodobniej si\u0119 stanie. W tym trybie warunkowym unless najcz\u0119\u015bciej t\u0142umaczymy jako “chyba \u017ce”. W pierwszym okresie warunkowym po unless stawiamy czasownik w czasie Present Simple.<\/p>\n

Unless<\/span> + Present Simple<\/span> + will<\/span> + czasownik<\/span><\/h5>\n
Unless<\/span> I have<\/span> guests for lunch, I will<\/span> clean<\/span> the house today.<\/b><\/div>\n

I will<\/span> clean<\/span> the house today unless<\/span> I have<\/span> guests for lunch.<\/b><\/p>\n

Unless<\/span> + Past Simple<\/span> + would<\/span> + czasownik<\/span><\/h5>\n
Unless<\/span> I really needed<\/span> it, I wouldn’t<\/span> buy<\/span> that.<\/b><\/div>\n

I wouldn’t<\/span> buy<\/span> that unless<\/span> I really needed<\/span> it.<\/b><\/p>\n

Third conditional – trzeci okres warunkowy<\/h3>\n

Trzeci okres warunkowy wykorzystujemy do zastanawiania si\u0119 nad przysz\u0142o\u015bci\u0105 z uwzgl\u0119dnieniem przesz\u0142ych wydarze\u0144. W trzecim trybie warunkowym po unless u\u017cywamy czasu Past Perfect<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Unless<\/span> + Past Perfect<\/span> + would have<\/span> + III forma czasownika<\/span><\/h5>\n
Unless<\/span> we had been<\/span> invited, we wouldn’t have<\/span> come<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n

We wouldn’t have<\/span> come<\/span> unless we had been<\/span> invited.<\/b><\/p>\n

W okresach warunkowych najcz\u0119\u015bciej u\u017cywany jest sp\u00f3jnik if. Jednak zapami\u0119tajmy, \u017ce unless to odpowiednik if… not, a nie if.<\/p>\n

I will eat this donut unless<\/span> you want to eat it.<\/b><\/div>\n
I will eat this donut if<\/span> you don\u2019t<\/span> want to eat it.<\/b><\/div>\n

(Zauwa\u017cmy, \u017ce w zdaniu ze sp\u00f3jnikiem if dodali\u015bmy w zaprzeczenie z u\u017cyciem czasownika posi\u0142kowego do oraz not.)<\/p>\n

If<\/span> it snows we will build a snowman.<\/b><\/div>\n
Unless it snows we will build a snowman.<\/div>\n

(W tym zdaniu nie mamy negatywnego warunku, dlatego nie mo\u017cemy zast\u0105pi\u0107 if sp\u00f3jnikiem unless.)<\/p>\n

Okresy warunkowe: unless vs if<\/h2>\n

Oto jak mo\u017cna przekszta\u0142ci\u0107 zdania z unless na zdania z if (lub odwrotnie) tak, aby przekazywa\u0142y taki sam warunek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
UNLESS<\/th>\n<\/th>\nIF<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Zerowy okres warunkowy<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
Water doesn’t boil unless<\/strong> you heat it up to 100 degrees.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
<\/td>\n\n
If<\/strong> you heat water up to 100 degrees, it will boil.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
I don’t eat unless<\/strong> I’m hungry.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
<\/td>\n\n
If<\/strong> I’m not hungry, I don’t eat.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

I don’t faint unless<\/strong> I raise my right hand.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n\n

If<\/strong> I raise my right hand, I faint.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Pierwszy okres warunkowy<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
I will clean the house today unless<\/strong> I have guests for lunch.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
<\/td>\n\n
I will clean the house today if<\/strong> I don’t have guests for lunch.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
You’ll regret it for the rest of your life unless<\/strong> you go out with her.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
<\/td>\n\n
You’ll regret it for the rest of your life if<\/strong> you don’t go out with her.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

You will die unless<\/strong> you drink water every day.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n\n

You will die if<\/strong> you don’t drink water every day.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Drugi okres warunkowy<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
I wouldn’t buy that unless<\/strong> I really needed it.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
<\/td>\n\n
I wouldn’t buy that if<\/strong> I didn’t really need it.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
He wouldn’t quit his job unless<\/strong> it were necessary.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
<\/td>\n\n
He wouldn’t quit his job if<\/strong> it weren’t necessary.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

I wouldn’t have canceled the meeting unless<\/strong> I was sick.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n\n

I wouldn’t have canceled the meeting if<\/strong> I weren’t sick.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Trzeci okres warunkowy<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
They wouldn’t have called unless<\/strong> they had had good news.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
<\/td>\n\n
They wouldn’t have called if<\/strong> they hadn’t had good news.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
I wouldn’t have found that job unless<\/strong> I had moved to New York.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
<\/td>\n\n
I wouldn’t have found that job if<\/strong> I hadn’t moved to New York.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
We wouldn’t have come unless<\/strong> we had been invited.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
<\/td>\n\n
We wouldn’t have come if<\/strong> we hadn’t been invited.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

Not unless<\/h2>\n

Not unless oznacza “tylko, je\u015bli”. Tego wyra\u017cenia u\u017cyjemy w odpowiedzi na jakie\u015b stwierdzenie, gdy nasza odpowied\u017a brzmi “nie”, chyba \u017ce zaistnieje jaka\u015b wyj\u0105tkowa sytuacja. Synonimem not unless<\/strong> jest only if<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

– Will you go to work on Saturday?<\/strong><\/div>\n
– Not unless<\/span> I really have to.<\/strong><\/div>\n

(to zdanie oznacza, \u017ce zapytany nie p\u00f3jdzie do pracy w sobot\u0119, chyba \u017ce naprawd\u0119 b\u0119dzie musia\u0142)<\/p>\n

– Can you cook?<\/strong><\/div>\n
– Not unless<\/span> you mean putting convenience food into the microwave.<\/strong><\/div>\n

(to zdanie oznacza, \u017ce zapytany nie umie gotowa\u0107, opr\u00f3cz sytuacji w kt\u00f3rych
\npytaj\u0105cy zaliczy do gotowania wk\u0142adania gotowych da\u0144 do mikrofal\u00f3wki)<\/p>\n

\n
Nieformalne zastosowanie unless<\/h5>\n

W mowie mo\u017cemy si\u0119 spotka\u0107 z u\u017cyciem unless w celu wplecenia do zdania jakiej\u015b nowej informacji.<\/p>\n

Let\u2019s call for a taxi – unless<\/span> you want to walk home.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Przyk\u0142adowe zdania z unless<\/h2>\n
I wouldn\u2019t go unless<\/span> I really had to.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Nie poszed\u0142bym\/posz\u0142abym je\u015bli naprawd\u0119 bym nie musia\u0142\/a.<\/p>\n

You will be late unless<\/span> you take the car.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Sp\u00f3\u017anisz si\u0119 chyba \u017ce we\u017amiesz samoch\u00f3d.<\/p>\n

Unless<\/span> they buy a car, they won\u2019t go on vacation.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Je\u015bli nie kupi\u0105 samochodu nie pojad\u0105 na wakacje.<\/p>\n

Mark won\u2019t cook dinner unless<\/span> someone helps him.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Mark nie ugotuje kolacji je\u015bli nikt mu nie pomo\u017ce.<\/p>\n

We won\u2019t be able to see this play unless<\/span> we have tickets.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Nie b\u0119dziemy mogli zobaczy\u0107 tej sztuki je\u015bli nie b\u0119dziemy mie\u0107 bilet\u00f3w.<\/p>\n

Unless<\/span> Adam comes with us, I\u2019m not going to the party.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Je\u015bli Adam z nami nie p\u00f3jdzie to ja nie id\u0119 na imprez\u0119.<\/p>\n

\"Rozpocznij<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Unless: wst\u0119p Unless to sp\u00f3jnik, kt\u00f3ry przet\u0142umaczymy jako “je\u015bli nie” lub “chyba \u017ce”. S\u0142owo unless oznacza jaki\u015b wyj\u0105tek, kt\u00f3ry zmieni omawian\u0105 sytuacj\u0119. Unless ma znaczenie negatywne, dlatego w zdaniu z unless nie wstawia si\u0119 przeczenia. Zdanie z unless Zdanie z unless sk\u0142ada si\u0119 z dw\u00f3ch cz\u0119\u015bci. Je\u015bli unless wyst\u0119puje na pocz\u0105tku zdania, wtedy obydwie cz\u0119\u015bci […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":19045,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18957","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gramatyka"],"yoast_head":"\nUNLESS | Zastosowanie: zdania warunkowe | ELLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Unless oznacza "je\u015bli nie" lub "chyba \u017ce". 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Second conditional – drugi okres warunkowy<\/h3>\n

Drugi okres warunkowy wykorzystujemy do m\u00f3wienia o czym\u015b, co ma ma\u0142e szanse na spe\u0142nienie. W drugim trybie warunkowym po unless u\u017cywamy czasu Past Simple<\/a>.<\/p>\n