{"id":18755,"date":"2021-01-29T06:00:45","date_gmt":"2021-01-29T05:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellalanguage.com\/blog\/?p=18755"},"modified":"2023-10-25T11:51:26","modified_gmt":"2023-10-25T09:51:26","slug":"can-could-be-able-to","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ellalanguage.com\/blog\/can-could-be-able-to\/","title":{"rendered":"Can, could, be able to"},"content":{"rendered":"

Can, could, be able to: wst\u0119p<\/h1>\n

Can, could oraz be able to u\u017cywamy do m\u00f3wienia o umiej\u0119tno\u015bciach i zdolno\u015bciach. Can oraz could to dwa czasowniki modalne<\/a>. Natomiast w konstrukcji be able to g\u0142\u00f3wnym czasownikiem jest czasownik to be<\/a>, kt\u00f3ry jest czasownikiem statycznym. Can oraz could maj\u0105 kilka znacze\u0144, ale be able to stosujemy tylko do m\u00f3wienia o tym, co kto\u015b lub co\u015b jest w stanie zrobi\u0107.<\/p>\n

CAN<\/h2>\n

Can to czasownik modalny po kt\u00f3rym stawiamy czasownik w bezokoliczniku bez to (bare infinitive)<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Osoba + can<\/span> + bare infinitive<\/h5>\n
I can<\/span> play the piano.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Umiem gra\u0107 na pianinie.<\/p>\n

She can<\/span> bake cakes.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Ona potrafi piec ciasta.<\/p>\n

\n
Zapami\u0119tajmy!<\/h5>\n

Czasowniki modalne nie zmieniaj\u0105 formy – oznacza to, \u017ce nie przyjmuj\u0105 ko\u0144c\u00f3wki -s w trzeciej osobie liczby pojedynczej tak, jak inne czasowniki.<\/p>\n

She cans bake cakes.<\/div>\n

She bakes a cake.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Przeczenie z can tworzymy poprzez dodanie s\u0142owa przecz\u0105cego not. Can z not zapisuje si\u0119 \u0142\u0105cznie jako cannot.<\/p>\n

Osoba + cannot<\/span> + bare infinitive<\/h5>\n
I cannot<\/span> go home yet.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Nie mog\u0119 jeszcze wr\u00f3ci\u0107 do domu.<\/p>\n

He cannot<\/span> sleep.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Nie mog\u0119 spa\u0107.<\/p>\n

Skr\u00f3cona forma cannot to can\u2019t.<\/p>\n

I can’t<\/span> go home yet.<\/strong><\/div>\n

He can’t<\/span> sleep.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
Cannot vs can not<\/h5>\n

Cannot to zaprzeczenie utworzone od can + not, kt\u00f3re u\u017cywane jest w bardziej formalnych sytuacjach. Natomiast forma can not jest u\u017cywana tylko, gdy can stawiamy przed konstrukcj\u0105, kt\u00f3rej cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 jest not.<\/p>\n

She can<\/span> not only sing but also dance.<\/b><\/div>\n
Ona nie tylko potrafi \u015bpiewa\u0107, ale r\u00f3wnie\u017c ta\u0144czy\u0107.<\/div>\n

(W tym zdaniu can \u0142\u0105czy si\u0119 z konstrukcj\u0105 not only\u2026 but also. Can not jest zapisane roz\u0142\u0105cznie, bo w tym wypadku nie tworzymy przeczenia z u\u017cyciem can, gdy\u017c not jest cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 innej konstrukcji.)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Pytania z can tworzymy poprzez inwersj\u0119<\/a> can, czyli can wstawiamy przed osob\u0119.<\/p>\n

Can<\/span> + osoba + bare infinitive<\/h5>\n
Can<\/span> you sing?<\/strong><\/div>\n

Czy potrafisz \u015bpiewa\u0107?<\/p>\n

Can<\/span> we make it on time?<\/strong><\/div>\n

Czy zd\u0105\u017cymy na czas?<\/p>\n

\n
Can w czasie przesz\u0142ym<\/h5>\n

Do m\u00f3wienia o przesz\u0142o\u015bci u\u017cywamy przesz\u0142ej formy od can – could.<\/p>\n

I could<\/span> sleep in on the weekends before I changed my job.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Mog\u0142em\/am spa\u0107 d\u0142u\u017cej w weekendy zanim zmieni\u0142em\/am moj\u0105 prac\u0119.<\/p>\n

Gdy m\u00f3wimy, \u017ce co\u015b nie mog\u0142o si\u0119 wydarzy\u0107 w przesz\u0142o\u015bci – nie ma takiej mo\u017cliwo\u015bci, wtedy u\u017cyjemy can have.<\/p>\n

She can\u2019t<\/span> have been home yesterday because she is on a trip.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Nie mog\u0142a by\u0107 wczoraj w domu bo jest na wycieczce.<\/p>\n

Can w czasie przysz\u0142ym<\/h5>\n

Can mo\u017cemy wykorzysta\u0107 do m\u00f3wienia o przysz\u0142o\u015bci, ale nie u\u017cywamy go w czasie przysz\u0142ym.<\/p>\n

We can<\/span> go to the movies tomorrow.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Mo\u017cemy i\u015b\u0107 jutro do kina.<\/p>\n

Can w czasach ci\u0105g\u0142ych<\/h5>\n

Can, tak jak i inne czasowniki modalne (tak\u017ce could) nie wyst\u0119puj\u0105 w czasach ci\u0105g\u0142ych (progressive tenses)<\/b>, gdy\u017c nie maj\u0105 formy -ing.<\/p>\n

caning<\/div>\n

coulding<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Zastosowanie can<\/h3>\n

Can u\u017cyjemy, gdy chcemy:<\/p>\n

+ powiedzie\u0107, \u017ce co\u015b potrafimy lub jeste\u015bmy w stanie zrobi\u0107<\/h4>\n
Adam can<\/span> drive a car.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Adam potrafi prowadzi\u0107 samoch\u00f3d.<\/p>\n

She can<\/span> lift 10kg.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Ona mo\u017ce podnie\u015b\u0107 10kg.<\/p>\n

+ poprosi\u0107 o co\u015b<\/h4>\n
Can<\/span> we take a break?<\/strong><\/div>\n

Czy mo\u017cemy zrobi\u0107 przerw\u0119?<\/p>\n

Can<\/span> I ask you a question?<\/strong><\/div>\n

Czy mog\u0119 zada\u0107 ci pytanie?<\/p>\n

+ wyrazi\u0107 jak\u0105\u015b propozycji<\/h4>\n
We can<\/span> help you, if you want to.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Mo\u017cemy ci pom\u00f3c, je\u015bli chcesz.<\/p>\n

Can<\/span> I offer you tea?<\/strong><\/div>\n

Czy mog\u0119 ci zaproponowa\u0107 herbat\u0119?<\/p>\n

+ wyrazi\u0107 lub zapyta\u0107 o pozwolenie<\/h4>\n
You can<\/span> come to my party.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Mo\u017cesz przyj\u015b\u0107 na moj\u0105 imprez\u0119.<\/p>\n

Can<\/span> I smoke in here?<\/strong><\/div>\n

Czy mog\u0119 tu zapali\u0107?<\/p>\n

+ zakaza\u0107 czego\u015b<\/h4>\n
You can\u2019t<\/span> go home yet.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Nie mo\u017cesz jeszcze i\u015b\u0107 do domu.<\/p>\n

You can\u2019t<\/span> bring a plus one.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Nie mo\u017cesz przyprowadzi\u0107 osoby towarzysz\u0105cej.<\/p>\n

+ wyrazi\u0107 mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107<\/h4>\n
I can<\/span> drive you there because I have a day off.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Mog\u0119 ci\u0119 tam zawie\u017a\u0107 bo mam wolny dzie\u0144.<\/p>\n

They can<\/span> go to France in the summer.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Mog\u0105 jecha\u0107 do Francji w lecie.<\/p>\n

\n

\"can,<\/p>\n

COULD<\/h2>\n

Could to czasownik modalny po kt\u00f3rym stawiamy czasownik w bezokoliczniku bez to. Tak, jak w przypadku pozosta\u0142ych czasownik\u00f3w modalnych nie dodajemy ko\u0144c\u00f3wek -s ani -ing do could.<\/p>\n

Osoba + could<\/span> + bare infinitive<\/h5>\n
I could<\/span> hear him sing.<\/strong><\/div>\n

S\u0142ysza\u0142em\/am jak \u015bpiewa.<\/p>\n

He could<\/span> ride a bike when he was in school.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Potrafi\u0142 je\u017adzi\u0107 na motorze kiedy by\u0142 w szkole.<\/p>\n

Przeczenie z could tworzymy poprzez dodanie s\u0142owa not.<\/p>\n

Osoba + could<\/span> + not<\/span> + bare infinitive<\/strong><\/h5>\n
We could<\/span> not<\/span> see anything.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Nic nie mogli\u015bmy zobaczy\u0107.<\/p>\n

Adam could<\/span> not<\/span> come to work.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Adam nie m\u00f3g\u0142 przyj\u015b\u0107 do pracy.<\/p>\n

Skr\u00f3cona forma could not to couldn\u2019t.<\/p>\n

We couldn\u2019t<\/span> see anything.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Adam couldn\u2019t<\/span> come to work.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pytanie z could tworzymy poprzez inwersj\u0119 could.<\/p>\n

Could<\/span> + osoba + bare infinitive<\/h5>\n
Could<\/span> you call me later?<\/strong><\/div>\n

Czy m\u00f3g\u0142(a)by\u015b zadzwoni\u0107 do mnie p\u00f3\u017aniej?<\/p>\n

Could<\/span> we come together?<\/strong><\/div>\n

Czy mogliby\u015bmy przyj\u015b\u0107 razem?<\/p>\n

\n
Could w czasie tera\u017aniejszym<\/h5>\n

Could to nie tylko czas przesz\u0142y od can. Czasownik could mo\u017cemy r\u00f3wnie\u017c u\u017cy\u0107 do m\u00f3wienia o tera\u017aniejszo\u015bci.<\/p>\n

I don\u2019t see it clearly. It could<\/span> be green.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Nie widz\u0119 tego wyra\u017anie. Mo\u017ce by\u0107 zielone.<\/p>\n

Could w czasie przysz\u0142ym<\/h5>\n

Could nie u\u017cyjemy w czasie przysz\u0142ym, ale mo\u017cemy wykorzysta\u0107 go do m\u00f3wienia o mo\u017cliwo\u015bciach w przysz\u0142o\u015bci.<\/p>\n

We won\u2019t know until it happens. Adam could<\/span> be the one to get a promotion.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Nie b\u0119dziemy wiedzie\u0107 dop\u00f3ki si\u0119 to nie stanie. Adam mo\u017ce by\u0107 tym, kt\u00f3ry dostanie awans.<\/p>\n

Could w czasie przesz\u0142ym<\/h5>\n

Zwykle could u\u017cywamy do m\u00f3wienia o przesz\u0142o\u015bci, jednak w przypadku gdy m\u00f3wimy o mo\u017cliwo\u015bci z przesz\u0142o\u015bci, wtedy u\u017cyjemy could have.<\/p>\n

If I studied more I could have<\/span> been a doctor.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Gdybym uczy\u0142\/a si\u0119 wi\u0119cej to m\u00f3g\u0142bym\/mog\u0142abym bym zosta\u0107 lekarzem.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Zastosowanie could<\/h3>\n

Could u\u017cyjemy, aby:<\/p>\n

+ powiedzie\u0107 o przesz\u0142ych umiej\u0119tno\u015bciach<\/h4>\n
When I was a student I could<\/span> party until four a.m. and still get up the next morning to go to class.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Kiedy by\u0142em\/am studentem\/k\u0105 potrafi\u0142em\/am imprezowa\u0107 do czwartej rano i wci\u0105\u017c wsta\u0107 rano by p\u00f3j\u015b\u0107 na zaj\u0119cia.<\/p>\n

She could<\/span> sing every Sting song when she was a teenager.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Potrafi\u0142a za\u015bpiewa\u0107 ka\u017cd\u0105 piosenk\u0119 Stinga kiedy by\u0142a nastolatka.<\/p>\n

+ prosi\u0107 o pozwolenie<\/h4>\n
Could<\/span> I park here?<\/strong><\/div>\n

Czy m\u00f3g\u0142bym\/mog\u0142abym tu zaparkowa\u0107?<\/p>\n

Could<\/span> she come with me to the wedding reception?<\/strong><\/div>\n

Czy mog\u0142aby przyj\u015b\u0107 ze mn\u0105 na wesele?<\/p>\n

\n
Uwaga!<\/h5>\n

Could u\u017cyjemy, aby zapyta\u0107 o pozwolenie, ale nie \u017ceby je da\u0107. Do wyra\u017cenia pozwolenia oraz do zabronienia czego\u015b u\u017cyjemy can.<\/p>\n

– Could<\/span> I borrow your car?<\/strong><\/div>\n
    Czy m\u00f3g\u0142bym\/mog\u0142abym po\u017cyczy\u0107 tw\u00f3j samoch\u00f3d?<\/div>\n
– Yes, you can<\/span>.<\/strong><\/div>\n
    Tak, mo\u017cesz.<\/div>\n
– No, you can\u2019t<\/span>.<\/strong><\/div>\n

    Nie, nie mo\u017cesz.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

+ zaproponowa\u0107 co\u015b<\/h4>\n
We could<\/span> go to a Italian restaurant for dinner.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Mo\u017cemy i\u015b\u0107 do w\u0142oskiej restauracji na kolacj\u0119.<\/p>\n

I could<\/span> come to work earlier.<\/strong><\/div>\n

M\u00f3g\u0142bym\/mog\u0142abym przyj\u015b\u0107 wcze\u015bniej do pracy.<\/p>\n

+ wyrazi\u0107 spekulacj\u0119<\/h4>\n
It could<\/span> rain tomorrow.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Jutro mo\u017ce pada\u0107.<\/p>\n

Don\u2019t say that. She could<\/span> still win the match.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Nie m\u00f3w tak. Ona wci\u0105\u017c mo\u017ce wygra\u0107 ten mecz.<\/p>\n

\n

\"can,<\/p>\n

BE ABLE TO<\/h2>\n

Konstrukcja tego wyra\u017cenia sk\u0142ada si\u0119 z czasownika to be, przymiotnika able, oraz to po kt\u00f3rym stawia si\u0119 dany czasownik w bezokoliczniku (infinitive)<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Osoba + be<\/span> + able<\/span> + to<\/span>-infinitive<\/h5>\n
I am able to<\/span> come to the party.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Mog\u0142em\/am przyj\u015b\u0107 na przyj\u0119cie.<\/p>\n

He is able to<\/span> support his family.<\/strong><\/div>\n

On jest w stanie utrzymywa\u0107 swoj\u0105 rodzin\u0119.<\/p>\n

Zaprzeczenie w konstrukcji be able to tworzy si\u0119 poprzez dodanie do czasownika to be s\u0142owa przecz\u0105cego not.<\/p>\n

Osoba + be<\/span> + not<\/span> + able<\/span> + to<\/span>-infinitive<\/h5>\n
I am<\/span> not<\/span> able to<\/span> meet him.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Nie zdo\u0142a\u0142em\/am go spotka\u0107.<\/p>\n

You are<\/span> not<\/span> able to<\/span> finish this on time.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Nie jeste\u015b w stanie sko\u0144czy\u0107 na czas.<\/p>\n

Przeczenie skraca si\u0119 poprzez po\u0142\u0105czenie to be z not.<\/p>\n

You aren\u2019t<\/span> able to finish this on time.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pytanie z konstrukcj\u0105 be able to tworzy si\u0119 poprzez inwersj\u0119 czasownika to be, czyli wstawienie to be przed osob\u0119.<\/p>\n

Be + osoba + able + to-infinitive<\/h5>\n
Are<\/span> you able to<\/span> be here tomorrow?<\/strong><\/div>\n

Czy mo\u017cesz tu jutro by\u0107?<\/p>\n

Is<\/span> he able to<\/span> draw?<\/strong><\/div>\n

Czy on umie rysowa\u0107?<\/p>\n

Wyra\u017cenie be able to mo\u017cemy u\u017cywa\u0107 we wszystkich czasach w j\u0119zyku angielskim, poprzez odmian\u0119 czasownika to be.<\/p>\n

Anna is able to<\/span> dance tango.<\/strong> (Present Simple)<\/div>\n

Anna umie ta\u0144czy\u0107 tango.<\/p>\n

I have been able to<\/span> play the guitar since I was seven.<\/strong> (Present Perfect)<\/div>\n

Umiem gra\u0107 na gitarze od si\u00f3dmego roku \u017cycia.<\/p>\n

Adam was able to<\/span> meet him earlier.<\/strong> (Past Simple)<\/div>\n

Adamowi uda\u0142o si\u0119 go spotka\u0107 wcze\u015bniej.<\/p>\n

We had been able to<\/span> go to Hawaii before school started.<\/strong> (Past Perfect)<\/div>\n

Uda\u0142o nam si\u0119 pojecha\u0107 na Hawaje zanim szko\u0142a si\u0119 zacz\u0119\u0142a.<\/p>\n

She will be able to<\/span> tell us more tomorrow.<\/strong> (Future Simple)<\/div>\n

B\u0119dzie w stanie powiedzie\u0107 nam wi\u0119cej jutro.<\/p>\n

He will have been able to<\/span> finish his homework by 6 p.m.<\/strong> (Future Perfect)<\/div>\n

Uda mu si\u0119 sko\u0144czy\u0107 odrabia\u0107 prac\u0119 domow\u0105 do osiemnastej.<\/p>\n

\n
Czasownika statyczny<\/h5>\n

To be to czasownik statyczny (stative verb)<\/b><\/a> czyli taki, kt\u00f3ry opisuje pewien stan. Zwykle czasownik\u00f3w statycznych nie u\u017cywamy w czasach ci\u0105g\u0142ych. Form\u0119 -ing czasownika to be stosujemy, gdy m\u00f3wimy o stanach tymczasowych lub w konstrukcjach w kt\u00f3rych wyst\u0119puje gerund<\/a>, np. po innych czasownikach statycznych.<\/p>\n

Anna liked being able to<\/span> listen to music without disturbing her neighbors.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Anna lubi\u0142am by\u0107 w stanie s\u0142ucha\u0107 muzyki bez przeszkadzania swoim s\u0105siadom.<\/p>\n

I didn\u2019t know being able to<\/span> speak French is a requirement in this job.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Nie wiedzia\u0142em\/am, \u017ce umiej\u0119tno\u015b\u0107 m\u00f3wienia po francusku jest wymogiem w tej pracy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Zastosowanie be able to<\/h3>\n

Be able to u\u017cyjemy do m\u00f3wienia:<\/p>\n

+ o tym, co potrafimy lub jeste\u015bmy w stanie zrobi\u0107<\/h4>\n
I am able to<\/span> recite the alphabet backwards.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Potrafi\u0119 powiedzie\u0107 alfabet od ko\u0144ca.<\/p>\n

Adam is able to<\/span> do the splits.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Adam mo\u017ce zrobi\u0107 szpagat.<\/p>\n

+ przesz\u0142ych osi\u0105gni\u0119ciach<\/h4>\n
I was able to<\/span> run a marathon when I was in my 20s.<\/strong><\/div>\n

By\u0142em\/am w stanie biec w maratonie kiedy by\u0142em\/am dwudziestolatkiem\/\u0105.<\/p>\n

She was able to<\/span> win an acting award last year.<\/strong><\/div>\n

W zesz\u0142ym roku by\u0142a w stanie wygra\u0107 nagrod\u0119 aktorsk\u0105.<\/p>\n

\n

\"can,<\/p>\n

Can vs could vs be able to<\/h2>\n

Can, could oraz be able to u\u017cywamy, gdy m\u00f3wimy o tym co jeste\u015bmy w stanie zrobi\u0107. Czy mo\u017cemy stosowa\u0107 je zamiennie i na czym polega r\u00f3\u017cnica mi\u0119dzy nimi?<\/p>\n

Czas tera\u017aniejszy<\/h3>\n

Kiedy m\u00f3wimy o naszych zdolno\u015bciach i umiej\u0119tno\u015bciach w czasie tera\u017aniejszym, wtedy mo\u017cemy u\u017cy\u0107 zar\u00f3wno can, jak i be able to. Chocia\u017c cz\u0119\u015bciej mo\u017cemy spotka\u0107 si\u0119 z u\u017cyciem can.<\/p>\n

I can<\/span> speak English.<\/strong><\/div>\n
I am able to<\/span> speak English.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Potrafi\u0119 m\u00f3wi\u0107 po angielsku.<\/p>\n

Czas przesz\u0142y<\/h3>\n

Gdy m\u00f3wimy o zdolno\u015bciach i umiej\u0119tno\u015bciach z przesz\u0142o\u015bci, wtedy zamiennie mo\u017cemy stosowa\u0107 could oraz be able to.<\/p>\n

I could<\/span> play the flute when I was ten.<\/strong><\/div>\n
I was able to<\/span> play the flute when I was ten.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Potrafi\u0142em\/am gra\u0107 na flecie kiedy mia\u0142em\/am dziesi\u0119\u0107 lat.<\/p>\n

Gdy m\u00f3wimy o jednorazowym wydarzeniu z przesz\u0142o\u015bci z u\u017cyciem czasownik\u00f3w dynamicznych to wtedy u\u017cyjemy tylko was able to.<\/p>\n

I was able to<\/span> arrive on time yesterday.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Wczoraj by\u0142em\/am w stanie dotrze\u0107 na czas.<\/p>\n

Natomiast je\u015bli wykorzystujemy czasowniki statyczne w zdaniu, wtedy u\u017cyjemy zar\u00f3wno could, jak i be able to do m\u00f3wienia o jednorazowym wydarzeniu z przesz\u0142o\u015bci.<\/p>\n

I was able to<\/span> recognize him.<\/strong><\/div>\n
I could<\/span> recognize him.<\/strong><\/div>\n

By\u0142em\/am w stanie go rozpozna\u0107.<\/p>\n

Czas przysz\u0142y<\/h3>\n

Do m\u00f3wienia o przysz\u0142ych zdolno\u015bciach i umiej\u0119tno\u015bciach u\u017cyjemy be able to.<\/p>\n

I will be able to<\/span> speak French in two months.<\/strong><\/div>\n

B\u0119d\u0119 umia\u0142\/a m\u00f3wi\u0107 po francusku za dwa miesi\u0105ce.<\/p>\n

Ale mo\u017cemy u\u017cy\u0107 can wraz z be able to do m\u00f3wienia o przysz\u0142ych planach.<\/p>\n

I will be able to<\/span> visit you next week.<\/strong><\/div>\n
I can<\/span> visit you next week.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Mog\u0119 odwiedzi\u0107 ci\u0119 w przysz\u0142ym tygodniu.<\/p>\n

\"Rozpocznij<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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