{"id":17403,"date":"2020-09-30T06:00:47","date_gmt":"2020-09-30T04:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellalanguage.com\/blog\/?p=17403"},"modified":"2023-10-25T12:29:46","modified_gmt":"2023-10-25T10:29:46","slug":"must-vs-have-to","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ellalanguage.com\/blog\/must-vs-have-to\/","title":{"rendered":"Must vs have to"},"content":{"rendered":"

Must vs have to: wst\u0119p<\/h1>\n

Must to czasownik modalny<\/a>, kt\u00f3ry oznacza “musie\u0107”. Nazwa czasownik modalny oznacza, \u017ce taki czasownik nie zmienia swojej formy (na przyk\u0142ad nie przybiera ko\u0144c\u00f3wki -s w trzeciej osobie liczby pojedynczej) oraz \u0142\u0105czy si\u0119 z bare infinitive<\/a>. Z kolei czasownik \u201chave\u201d ma wiele znacze\u0144 i zastosowa\u0144, ale w konstrukcji have + to oznacza “musie\u0107”.<\/p>\n

Must vs have to: konstrukcja<\/h2>\n

Konstrukcja zdania z must<\/h3>\n

Must jako czasownik modalny nie \u0142\u0105czy si\u0119 z \u201cto\u201d.<\/p>\n

osoba + must + czasownik<\/h5>\n
She must<\/span> go home.<\/b><\/div>\n
We must<\/span> leave right now.<\/b><\/div>\n

There must<\/span> be a better way.<\/b><\/p>\n

Konstrukcja zdania z have to<\/h3>\n

Have to zmienia si\u0119 w trzeciej osobie liczby pojedynczej w has to.<\/p>\n

osoba + have\/has to + czasownik<\/h5>\n
We have to<\/span> buy some more water.<\/b><\/div>\n
Adam has to<\/span> apologize.<\/b><\/div>\n

She has to<\/span> go home.<\/b><\/p>\n

\n
Czasownik have<\/h5>\n

Poznaj wi\u0119cej zastosowa\u0144 czasownika have z wpisu have czy has?<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

\"Must<\/p>\n

Must vs have to: r\u00f3\u017cnice<\/h2>\n

Zar\u00f3wno must, jak i have to u\u017cyjemy do m\u00f3wienia o konieczno\u015bciach i zobowi\u0105zaniach. Jednak zastosujemy te dwa czasowniki w troch\u0119 innych sytuacjach. W jakich kwestiach pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 r\u00f3\u017cnice?<\/p>\n

Inicjator zobowi\u0105zania<\/h3>\n

Must u\u017cywamy, by wyrazi\u0107 uczucia m\u00f3wcy – m\u00f3wca decyduje \u017ce co\u015b musi by\u0107 zrobione. Natomiast have to u\u017cywamy, by powiedzie\u0107 \u017ce mamy zewn\u0119trzne zobowi\u0105zanie. To znaczy \u017ce kto\u015b inny ni\u017c my sami tworzy dane zobowi\u0105zanie – na przyk\u0142ad nauczyciel lub prawo.<\/p>\n

You must<\/span> wear a pink dress to my wedding.<\/b><\/div>\n
Musisz za\u0142o\u017cy\u0107 r\u00f3\u017cow\u0105 sukienk\u0119 na m\u00f3j \u015blub.<\/div>\n

(ja m\u00f3wi\u0119, \u017ce masz za\u0142o\u017cy\u0107 r\u00f3\u017cow\u0105 sukienk\u0119 na m\u00f3j \u015blub)<\/p>\n

You have to<\/span> wear formal attire to the wedding party.<\/b><\/div>\n
Musisz za\u0142o\u017cy\u0107 od\u015bwi\u0119tny str\u00f3j na wesele.<\/div>\n

(jest taka zasada, kt\u00f3ra m\u00f3wi \u017ce musisz za\u0142o\u017cy\u0107 od\u015bwi\u0119tny str\u00f3j na wesele, ja o tym nie decyduje)<\/p>\n

Wife: You must<\/span> wash the car.<\/b><\/div>\n
\u017bona: Musisz umy\u0107 samoch\u00f3d.<\/div>\n

(\u017cona ka\u017ce m\u0119\u017cowi umy\u0107 samoch\u00f3d – to jej pomys\u0142)<\/p>\n

Husband: I have to<\/span> wash the car.<\/b><\/div>\n
M\u0105\u017c: Musz\u0119 umy\u0107 samoch\u00f3d.<\/div>\n

(m\u0105\u017c m\u00f3wi, \u017ce musi umy\u0107 samoch\u00f3d, bo \u017cona mu kaza\u0142a – to nie jego pomys\u0142)<\/p>\n

Konkretne czy og\u00f3lne zobowi\u0105zania<\/h3>\n

Must u\u017cyjemy do m\u00f3wienia o konkretnych zobowi\u0105zaniach, natomiast have to do og\u00f3lnie obowi\u0105zuj\u0105cych.<\/p>\n

She must<\/span> wake up five minutes earlier than everyone else.<\/b><\/div>\n
Ona musi si\u0119 obudzi\u0107 pi\u0119\u0107 minut wcze\u015bniej ni\u017c wszyscy inni.<\/div>\n

(zasada obowi\u0105zuj\u0105ca specjalnie dla niej)<\/p>\n

Everybody has to<\/span> wake up at 7 a.m.<\/b><\/div>\n
Wszyscy musz\u0105 wsta\u0107 o si\u00f3dmej rano na obozie.<\/div>\n

(og\u00f3lna zasada obowi\u0105zuj\u0105ca wszystkich)<\/p>\n

\n
Have got to<\/h5>\n

W nieformalnym angielskim mo\u017cemy u\u017cywa\u0107 wyra\u017cenia have got to zamiast have to.<\/p>\n

I have to<\/span> clean the house.<\/b><\/div>\n
I have got to<\/span> clean the house.<\/b><\/div>\n

Musz\u0119 posprz\u0105ta\u0107 dom.<\/p>\n

Dowiedz si\u0119 wi\u0119cej o wyra\u017ceniu have got z wpisu czasownik have got<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Czas przesz\u0142y i czas przysz\u0142y<\/h3>\n

W czasie przesz\u0142ym must zast\u0119pujemy have to.<\/p>\n

You must<\/span> buy the tickets. <\/b>(czas tera\u017aniejszy)<\/div>\n
You have to<\/span> buy the tickets. <\/b>(czas tera\u017aniejszy)<\/div>\n

You had to<\/span> buy the tickets. <\/b>(czas przesz\u0142y)<\/p>\n

W czasie przysz\u0142ym cz\u0119\u015bciej u\u017cywamy have to ni\u017c must.<\/p>\n

You will have to<\/span> buy the tickets.<\/b> (czas przysz\u0142y)<\/div>\n

You must<\/span> buy the tickets tomorrow. <\/b>(czas przysz\u0142y)<\/p>\n

Pytania i przeczenia<\/h3>\n

Pytania i przeczenia z have to tworzymy za pomoc\u0105 czasownik posi\u0142kowego do. W pytaniu czasownik do stawiamy na pocz\u0105tek zdania, a w przeczeniu \u0142\u0105czymy do z not (do\/does not lub don\u2019t\/doesn\u2019t). Pytania z must tworzymy przez inwersj\u0119<\/a> must, czyli must stawiamy przed podmiotem zdania. Je\u015bli chodzi o pytania z must to s\u0105 one bardziej formalne i cz\u0119\u015bciej spotykane w przypadku brytyjskiego angielskiego.<\/p>\n

Do I have to<\/span> come to this party?<\/b><\/div>\n
Must<\/span> I come to this party?<\/b><\/div>\n

Czy musz\u0105 przyj\u015b\u0107 na t\u0105 imprez\u0119?<\/p>\n

W przeczeniu must oraz have to maj\u0105 inne znaczenia. Must u\u017cyte w przeczeniu oznacza zakaz, natomiast have to brak danego zobowi\u0105zania.<\/p>\n

You don\u2019t have to<\/span> wear a suit.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Nie musisz zak\u0142ada\u0107 garnituru.<\/p>\n

You mustn’t<\/span> wear a suit.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Nie mo\u017cesz za\u0142o\u017cy\u0107 garnituru.<\/p>\n

\n
Musn\u2019t w ameryka\u0144skim angielskim<\/h5>\n

W ameryka\u0144skim angielskim rzadko u\u017cywa si\u0119 formy must not, a skr\u00f3tu musn\u2019t praktycznie w og\u00f3le. Must not mo\u017cna spotka\u0107 w bardzo formalnych tekstach pisanych, ale amerykanie najcz\u0119\u015bciej powiedz\u0105 po prostu shouldn’t lub can’t\/cannot.<\/p>\n

You must not<\/span> smoke in here.<\/strong><\/div>\n
You cannot<\/span> smoke in here.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Nie wolno tu pali\u0107.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Podkre\u015blenie wypowiedzi<\/h3>\n

Mo\u017cemy u\u017cy\u0107 must by w uprzejmy spos\u00f3b podkre\u015bli\u0107 pilno\u015b\u0107 lub po\u0142o\u017cy\u0107 nacisk na dane zobowi\u0105zanie.<\/p>\n

You simply must<\/span> come to see this play!<\/strong><\/div>\n

Po prostu musisz przyj\u015b\u0107 zobaczy\u0107 t\u0105 sztuk\u0119!<\/p>\n

\n
Kiedy u\u017cywamy must a kiedy have to?<\/h5>\n

Have to cz\u0119\u015bciej u\u017cywamy w rozmowach, a z u\u017cyciem must g\u0142\u00f3wnie mo\u017cemy spotka\u0107 si\u0119 w formalnych sytuacjach lub w tekstach pisanych. W ameryka\u0144skim angielskim cz\u0119\u015bciej u\u017cywamy have to ni\u017c must.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Must vs have to: por\u00f3wnianie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

MUST<\/h3>\n<\/th>\n

<\/th>\n\n

HAVE TO<\/h3>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n

\n

Zdanie oznajmuj\u0105ce<\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
osoba + must + czasownik<\/h5>\n

She must<\/strong> come at 6.<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n\n
osoba + have\/has to + czasownik<\/h5>\n

She has to<\/strong> come at 6.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Przeczenie<\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
must not (musn\u2019t) = zakaz<\/h5>\n

She mustn\u2019t<\/strong> come at 6.<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n\n
do\/does not (don\u2019t\/doesn’t) = brak zobowi\u0105zania<\/h5>\n

She doesn\u2019t have to<\/strong> come at 6.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pytanie<\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
must + osoba + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n

Must<\/strong> she come at 6?<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n\n
do\/does + osoba + have\/has to + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n

Does she have to<\/strong> come at 6?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Czas przesz\u0142y<\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
must = had to<\/h5>\n

She must<\/strong> come at 6. = She had to<\/strong> come at 6.<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n\n
have\/has to = had to<\/h5>\n

She has to<\/strong> come at 6. = She had to<\/strong> come at 6.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Czas przysz\u0142y<\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
must = must lub will have to<\/h5>\n

She must<\/strong> come at 6. (today) = She must<\/strong> come at 6. (next day)
\nLUB
\nShe will have to<\/strong> buy a ticket.<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n\n
have\/has to = will have to<\/h5>\n

She has to<\/strong> come at 6. = She will have to<\/strong> come at 6.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Zastosowanie<\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
+ konkretne zobowi\u0105zanie<\/h5>\n

I must<\/strong> wake up at 7 a.m.<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n\n
+ og\u00f3lne zobowi\u0105zanie<\/h5>\n

I have to<\/strong> wake up early.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
+ nakaz wychodz\u0105cy od m\u00f3wcy<\/h5>\n

Teacher said, \u201cYou must<\/strong> write an essay due Monday.\u201d<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n\n
+ zobowi\u0105zanie zewn\u0119trzne<\/h5>\n

Our teacher told us that we have to<\/strong> write an essay due Monday.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"Rozpocznij<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Must vs have to: wst\u0119p Must to czasownik modalny, kt\u00f3ry oznacza “musie\u0107”. Nazwa czasownik modalny oznacza, \u017ce taki czasownik nie zmienia swojej formy (na przyk\u0142ad nie przybiera ko\u0144c\u00f3wki -s w trzeciej osobie liczby pojedynczej) oraz \u0142\u0105czy si\u0119 z bare infinitive. Z kolei czasownik \u201chave\u201d ma wiele znacze\u0144 i zastosowa\u0144, ale w konstrukcji have + to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":17404,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17403","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gramatyka"],"yoast_head":"\nMust vs have to | Jaka jest r\u00f3\u017cnica i kiedy u\u017cywamy? | ELLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Jaka jest r\u00f3\u017cnica mi\u0119dzy czasownikami modalnymi "must" a "have to"? 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