{"id":16981,"date":"2021-03-03T06:00:40","date_gmt":"2021-03-03T05:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellalanguage.com\/blog\/?p=16981"},"modified":"2023-10-25T11:40:12","modified_gmt":"2023-10-25T09:40:12","slug":"apostrof-w-jezyku-angielskim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ellalanguage.com\/blog\/apostrof-w-jezyku-angielskim\/","title":{"rendered":"Apostrof w jezyku angielskim – kiedy u\u017cywamy?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Apostrof w j\u0119zyku angielskim: wst\u0119p<\/h1>\n

Apostrof w j\u0119zyku angielskim, czyli apostrophe<\/em> u\u017cywamy, aby graficznie przedstawi\u0107 przynale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 oraz form\u0119 skr\u00f3con\u0105 s\u0142owa. Przynale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 pokazujemy poprzez dope\u0142niacz sakso\u0144ski. Natomiast formy skr\u00f3cone s\u0142owa to po prostu pomini\u0119cie niekt\u00f3rych liter w s\u0142owie – poznajemy ten zabieg na samym pocz\u0105tku nauki angielskiego, gdy uczymy si\u0119 zapisywa\u0107 fraz\u0119 I am = I\u2019m.<\/p>\n

U\u017cycie apostrofu w dope\u0142niaczu sakso\u0144skim<\/h2>\n

Apostrof w j\u0119zyku angielskim u\u017cywany w dope\u0142niaczu sakso\u0144skim jest cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 konstrukcji okre\u015blaj\u0105cej przynale\u017cno\u015b\u0107. Aby pokaza\u0107 przynale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 jakiego\u015b elementu na koniec wyrazu oznaczaj\u0105cego w\u0142a\u015bciciela dodajemy dope\u0142niacz sakso\u0144ski. W przypadku wi\u0119kszo\u015bci rzeczownik\u00f3w w liczbie pojedynczej dodajemy apostrof + -s.<\/p>\n

Adam’s car <\/b>– samoch\u00f3d Adama<\/div>\n
dog\u2019s ball <\/b>– zabawka kota<\/div>\n

Mr. Smith’s apartment <\/b>– mieszkanie pana Smitha<\/p>\n

Aby zaznaczy\u0107 przynale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 do rzeczownika w liczbie mnogiej zako\u0144czonego na -s wystarczy doda\u0107 sam apostrof. W przypadku, gdy rzeczownik w liczbie mnogiej nie ko\u0144czy si\u0119 na -s, wtedy dodajemy apostrof + -s.<\/p>\n

birds\u2019 nest <\/b>– gniazdo ptak\u00f3w<\/div>\n

kids\u2019 toys <\/b>– zabawki dzieci<\/p>\n

men\u2019s clothes <\/b>– ubrania m\u0119skie<\/div>\n

people’s choice <\/b>– wyb\u00f3r ludzi<\/p>\n

Gdy wymieniamy kilku w\u0142a\u015bcicieli dope\u0142niacz sakso\u0144ski dodajemy do ostatniego wymienionego w\u0142a\u015bciciela.<\/p>\n

Emily and Anna’s new computer <\/b>– nowy komputer Emily i Anny<\/div>\n

Jill and John\u2019s house <\/b>– dom Jill i Johna<\/p>\n

Tutaj wymienili\u015bmy kilka podstawowych zasad zapisu dope\u0142niacza sakso\u0144skiego. Po wi\u0119cej informacji dotycz\u0105cych tego tematu zapraszamy do artyku\u0142u dope\u0142niacz sakso\u0144ski – possessive ‘s<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"TERAZ<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

\"apostrof<\/p>\n

Apostrof w j\u0119zyku angielskim w skr\u00f3conych formach wyraz\u00f3w<\/h2>\n

Kr\u00f3tkie formy wyraz\u00f3w to skr\u00f3cenie wyrazu podczas \u0142\u0105czenia dw\u00f3ch wyraz\u00f3w w jeden. Podczas \u0142\u0105czenia wyraz\u00f3w pomijamy kilka liter i wstawiamy w ich miejsce apostrof. Do najcz\u0119\u015bciej u\u017cywanych kr\u00f3tkich form nale\u017c\u0105 skr\u00f3ty tworzone z zaimk\u00f3w<\/a> i czasownik\u00f3w.<\/p>\n

you\u2019re = you are<\/b><\/div>\n
she\u2019ll = she will<\/b><\/div>\n

I\u2019ve = I have<\/b><\/p>\n

\n
Uwaga!<\/h5>\n

Niekt\u00f3re wyrazy maj\u0105 te same formy skr\u00f3cone.<\/p>\n

\u2018d = would lub had<\/b><\/div>\n

\u2018s = is lub has<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Kr\u00f3tkie formy cz\u0119sto s\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c stosowane w po\u0142\u0105czeniu ze s\u0142owem not.<\/p>\n

can\u2019t = can not<\/b><\/div>\n
don’t = do not<\/b><\/div>\n

won\u2019t – will not<\/b><\/p>\n

Mo\u017cemy te\u017c znale\u017a\u0107 skr\u00f3cone formy s\u0142\u00f3w u\u017cywane w slangu<\/a>.<\/p>\n

y\u2019all = you all<\/b><\/div>\n
rock \u2018n’ roll = rock and roll<\/b><\/div>\n

doin\u2019 = doing<\/b><\/p>\n

W dekadach r\u00f3wnie\u017c stawiamy apostrof w celu zaznaczenia pomini\u0119cia kilku cyfr.<\/p>\n

\u201890s = 1990s<\/b><\/p>\n

\n
Przynale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 a kr\u00f3tkie formy<\/h5>\n

Apostrof w j\u0119zyku angielskim u\u017cywamy do pokazania przynale\u017cno\u015bci, jednak nie jest to jedyny spos\u00f3b na okre\u015blenie w\u0142a\u015bciciela. Mo\u017cemy okre\u015bli\u0107 przynale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 bez u\u017cycia apostrofu za pomoc\u0105 przymiotnik\u00f3w dzier\u017cawczych<\/a>. Jednak, prawdopodobnie dlatego \u017ce apostrof kojarzy si\u0119 z okre\u015bleniem przynale\u017cno\u015bci, cz\u0119sto mo\u017cemy spotka\u0107 si\u0119 z b\u0142\u0119dnym dodawaniem apostrofu do przymiotnik\u00f3w dzier\u017cawczych – a dok\u0142adniej, z myleniem form skr\u00f3conych z przymiotnikami dzier\u017cawczymi.<\/p>\n

its <\/b>– przymiotnik dzier\u017cawczy<\/div>\n

it\u2019s <\/b>– forma skr\u00f3cona it is lub it has<\/p>\n

your <\/b>– przymiotnik dzier\u017cawczy<\/div>\n

you\u2019re <\/b>-forma skr\u00f3cona you are<\/p>\n

Aby nie pope\u0142nia\u0107 b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w trzeba zapami\u0119ta\u0107, \u017ce przymiotniki dzier\u017cawcze nie zapisujemy z apostrofem. Je\u015bli mamy w\u0105tpliwo\u015bci jak zapisa\u0107 jakie\u015b zdanie powinni\u015bmy zastanowi\u0107 si\u0119 co chcemy przekaza\u0107.<\/p>\n

The dog has lost its<\/u> leash.<\/b><\/div>\n
Pies zgubi\u0142 swoj\u0105 smycz.<\/div>\n

(okre\u015blenie przynale\u017cno\u015bci smyczy)<\/p>\n

It\u2019s<\/u> a dog.<\/b><\/div>\n
To jest pies.<\/div>\n

(okre\u015blenie co to za stworzenie)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\"apostrof<\/p>\n

Apostrof w j\u0119zyku angielskim a liczba mnoga rzeczownik\u00f3w<\/h2>\n

Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 rzeczownik\u00f3w tworzy liczb\u0119 mnog\u0105 poprzez dodanie ko\u0144c\u00f3wki -s, dlatego liczba mnoga jest cz\u0119sto mylona z dope\u0142niaczem sakso\u0144skim, kt\u00f3ry r\u00f3wnie\u017c dodaje ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0119 -s. R\u00f3\u017cnica w zapisie polega na tym, \u017ce w liczbie mnogiej nie ma apostrofu przed -s.<\/p>\n

kid\u2019s <\/b>– dope\u0142niacz sakso\u0144ski<\/div>\n

kids <\/b>– liczba mnoga<\/p>\n

Z powodu podobnej wymowy, cz\u0119sto mo\u017cemy spotka\u0107 si\u0119 z zapisem liczby mnogiej z apostrofem – jest to jednak b\u0142\u0105d!<\/p>\n

two kid\u2019s.<\/p>\n

\n
\u0141\u0105czenie apostrofu z liczb\u0105 mnog\u0105<\/h5>\n

Wyj\u0105tkiem od regu\u0142u niedodawania apostrofu do liczby mnogiej s\u0105 wyrazy, kt\u00f3re zwykle nie maj\u0105 liczby mnogiej.<\/p>\n

do\u2019s and don\u2019ts <\/b>– nakazy i zakazy<\/p>\n

Dodajemy apostrof do liczby mnogiej r\u00f3wnie\u017c w przypadku pojedynczych liter oraz liczebnik\u00f3w g\u0142\u00f3wnych.<\/p>\n

mind your p’s and q’s <\/b>– pami\u0119taj o dobrych manierach<\/div>\n

find all 6\u2019s <\/b>– znajd\u017a wszystkie sz\u00f3stki<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\"Rozpocznij<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Apostrof w j\u0119zyku angielskim: wst\u0119p Apostrof w j\u0119zyku angielskim, czyli apostrophe u\u017cywamy, aby graficznie przedstawi\u0107 przynale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 oraz form\u0119 skr\u00f3con\u0105 s\u0142owa. Przynale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 pokazujemy poprzez dope\u0142niacz sakso\u0144ski. Natomiast formy skr\u00f3cone s\u0142owa to po prostu pomini\u0119cie niekt\u00f3rych liter w s\u0142owie – poznajemy ten zabieg na samym pocz\u0105tku nauki angielskiego, gdy uczymy si\u0119 zapisywa\u0107 fraz\u0119 I am = I\u2019m. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":18249,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gramatyka"],"yoast_head":"\nApostrof w jezyku angielskim - kiedy u\u017cywamy? | ELLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Apostrof w j\u0119zyku angielskim - kiedy u\u017cywamy? 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