{"id":16937,"date":"2021-01-01T06:00:04","date_gmt":"2021-01-01T05:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellalanguage.com\/blog\/?p=16937"},"modified":"2023-10-25T11:57:44","modified_gmt":"2023-10-25T09:57:44","slug":"zaimki-wzgledne-relative-pronouns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ellalanguage.com\/blog\/zaimki-wzgledne-relative-pronouns\/","title":{"rendered":"Zaimki wzgl\u0119dne WHAT, WHICH, THAT czyli relative pronouns"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zaimki wzgl\u0119dne: wst\u0119p<\/h1>\n

Zaimki wzgl\u0119dne czyli relative pronouns<\/em> to zaimki, kt\u00f3re wygl\u0105daj\u0105 jak s\u0142\u00f3wka pytaj\u0105ce ale wyst\u0119puj\u0105 w zdaniach oznajmuj\u0105cych. Najcz\u0119\u015bciej u\u017cywane zaimki wzgl\u0119dne to who, which, that. Rzadziej u\u017cywamy zaimk\u00f3w whose oraz whom. Zaimk\u00f3w wzgl\u0119dnych u\u017cywamy do tworzenia zda\u0144 wzgl\u0119dnych (relative clauses)<\/strong>. Zaimki wzgl\u0119dne stawiamy po rzeczowniku lub zaimku, kt\u00f3ry modyfikuj\u0105.<\/p>\n

Kiedy u\u017cywamy zaimk\u00f3w wzgl\u0119dnych?<\/h2>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Zaimek wzgl\u0119dny<\/th>\nU\u017cycie<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
who<\/strong><\/td>\nz osobami<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
which<\/strong><\/td>\nz rzeczami i zwierz\u0119tami<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
that<\/strong><\/td>\nz osobami, zwierz\u0119tami i rzeczami<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
whose<\/strong><\/td>\nokre\u015blenie przynale\u017cno\u015bci<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
whom<\/strong><\/td>\nz osobami<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
when<\/strong><\/td>\nokre\u015blenie czasu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
where<\/strong><\/td>\nokre\u015blenie miejsca<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
why<\/strong><\/td>\nokre\u015blenie powodu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Zaimek wzgl\u0119dny who<\/h2>\n

Who u\u017cywamy, gdy m\u00f3wimy o ludziach. Zdarza si\u0119 jednak, \u017ce u\u017cywamy go gdy m\u00f3wimy o zwierz\u0119tach domowych lub zwierz\u0119tach, kt\u00f3re znamy. Zaimek who u\u017cyjemy w obu typach zda\u0144 wzgl\u0119dnych – okre\u015blaj\u0105cych (defining)<\/strong> i nieokre\u015blaj\u0105cych (non-defining)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The woman who<\/span> we saw yesterday, is my mother.<\/strong><\/div>\n
Kobieta kt\u00f3r\u0105 wczoraj widzieli\u015bmy to moja matka.<\/div>\n

(zdanie wzgl\u0119dne okre\u015blaj\u0105ce)<\/p>\n

I have a dog who<\/span> likes eating tangerines.<\/strong><\/div>\n
Mam psa kt\u00f3ry lubi je\u015b\u0107 mandarynki.<\/div>\n

(zdanie wzgl\u0119dne okre\u015blaj\u0105ce)<\/p>\n

Some girl, who<\/span> went to the same high school as me, called me yesterday.<\/strong><\/div>\n
Jaka\u015b dziewczyna, kt\u00f3ra chodzi\u0142a do tego samego liceum co ja, zadzwoni\u0142a do mnie wczoraj.<\/div>\n

(zdanie wzgl\u0119dne nieokre\u015blaj\u0105ce)<\/p>\n

Who mo\u017cemy u\u017cywa\u0107 z rzeczownikami zbiorowymi dotycz\u0105cymi ludzi.<\/p>\n

She called the police<\/u> who<\/span> came immediately.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Ona zadzwoni\u0142a na policj\u0119, kt\u00f3ra natychmiast przyjecha\u0142a.<\/p>\n

Zaimek wzgl\u0119dny which<\/h2>\n

Zaimek which u\u017cywamy w stosunku do rzeczy i zwierz\u0105t. Which u\u017cyjemy zar\u00f3wno w zdaniach wzgl\u0119dnie okre\u015blaj\u0105cych (takich, kt\u00f3re daj\u0105 nam niezb\u0119dne informacje), a tak\u017ce w zdaniach wzgl\u0119dnych nieokre\u015blaj\u0105cych (takich, kt\u00f3re daj\u0105 nam dodatkowe informacje).<\/p>\n

This is a car which<\/span> he bought.<\/strong><\/div>\n
To jest samoch\u00f3d kt\u00f3ry kupi\u0142.<\/div>\n

(zdanie wzgl\u0119dne okre\u015blaj\u0105ce)<\/p>\n

The house, which<\/span> we’re talking about, cost over $3 million.<\/strong><\/div>\n
Dom o kt\u00f3rym m\u00f3wimi kosztuje ponad trz miliony dolar\u00f3w.<\/div>\n

(zdanie wzgl\u0119dne nieokre\u015blaj\u0105ce)<\/p>\n

Zaimek wzgl\u0119dny that<\/h2>\n

That mo\u017cemy u\u017cywa\u0107 zamiennie z who, whom, which, zar\u00f3wno do ludzi, rzeczy, jak i zwierz\u0105t. Zaimek that mo\u017cemy u\u017cywa\u0107 tylko w zdaniach wzgl\u0119dnych okre\u015blaj\u0105cych. That jest mniej formalne od pozosta\u0142ych zaimk\u00f3w wzgl\u0119dnych i powinno by\u0107 unikane w bardziej formalnych sytuacjach.<\/p>\n

I like people that<\/span> have a good sense of humor.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Lubi\u0119 ludzi kt\u00f3rzy maj\u0105 dobre poczucie humoru.<\/p>\n

The sunscreen that<\/span> you used was expired.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Krem z filtrem kt\u00f3ry u\u017cy\u0142e\u015b\/a\u015b by\u0142 przeterminowany.<\/p>\n

Here’s a list of things that<\/span> drive me crazy.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Oto lista rzeczy kt\u00f3re mnie doprowadzaj\u0105 do szale\u0144stwa.<\/p>\n

\n
Uwaga!<\/h5>\n

Zaimki wzgl\u0119dne maj\u0105 wiele zasad dotycz\u0105cych ich zastosowania w zdaniach wzgl\u0119dnych. W celu zgromadzenia jak najwi\u0119kszej wiedzy na ten temat, warto jest zapozna\u0107 si\u0119 tak\u017ce z wpisem blogowym relative clauses czyli zdania wzgl\u0119dne<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\"Nie<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

\"zaimki<\/p>\n

Zaimek wzgl\u0119dny whom<\/h2>\n

Zaimek whom u\u017cywamy w stosunku do ludzi. W zdaniach whom zajmuje pozycj\u0119 dope\u0142nienia. Oznacza to, \u017ce u\u017cyjemy whom w przypadku gdy ten zaimek jest przedmiotem opisywanym przez czasownik lub przyimek. Whom jest cz\u0119sto mylone z who, gdy\u017c oba te zaimki opisuj\u0105 ludzi. Jednak who u\u017cywamy w pozycji podmiotu.<\/p>\n

The man whom<\/span> we’re talking about is standing right over there.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Cz\u0142owiek o kt\u00f3rym m\u00f3wimy stoi w\u0142a\u015bnie tam.<\/p>\n

I\u2019m calling John whom<\/span> you will meet tomorrow.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Dzwoni\u0119 do Johna kt\u00f3rego spotkasz jutro.<\/p>\n

Je\u015bli mamy w\u0105tpliwo\u015bci czy powinni\u015bmy zastosowa\u0107 who czy whom, podmie\u0144my w zdaniu zaimek wzgl\u0119dny na zaimek osobowy. W przypadku gdy po aran\u017cacji zdania pasuje nam zaimek osobowy (I, he, they etc.), wtedy powinni\u015bmy zastosowa\u0107 who. Natomiast je\u015bli pasuje zaimek osobowy w dope\u0142nieniu (me, him, them, etc.), wtedy powinni\u015bmy zastosowa\u0107 whom.<\/p>\n

I\u2019m calling John. You’ll meet him tomorrow.<\/div>\n
I\u2019m calling John. You’ll meet he tomorrow.<\/div>\n

Dzwoni\u0119 do Johna. Spotkasz go jutro.<\/p>\n

W tym zdaniu chcemy powiedzie\u0107, \u017ce spotkamy “go” (him)<\/b> – nie m\u00f3wimy, \u017ce spotkamy “on” (he)<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Zaimek wzgl\u0119dny whose<\/h2>\n

Whose u\u017cywamy w stosunku do ludzi i zwierz\u0105t. Zaimek whose okre\u015bla przynale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 do kogo\u015b. W zdaniu whose stoi przed rzeczownikiem.<\/p>\n

Avah, whose<\/span> sister you know, is calling us over.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Avah, kt\u00f3rej siostr\u0119 znasz, nas wo\u0142a.<\/p>\n

The man whose<\/span> house we stayed at last summer just died.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Cz\u0142owiek w kt\u00f3rego domu mieszkali\u015bmy zesz\u0142ego lata w\u0142a\u015bnie umar\u0142.<\/p>\n

Adam, whose<\/span> ex-wife was a nurse, just remarried.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Adam, kt\u00f3rego by\u0142a \u017cona jest piel\u0119gniark\u0105, w\u0142a\u015bnie wzi\u0119\u0142a ponownie \u015blub.<\/p>\n

Zaimek whose mo\u017cna stosowa\u0107 r\u00f3wnie\u017c przy okre\u015blaniu przynale\u017cno\u015bci do rzeczy nieo\u017cywionych. Takie zastosowanie whose pojawi\u0142o si\u0119 ju\u017c oko\u0142o XIV wieku. Jednak wsp\u00f3\u0142cze\u015bnie pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 opinie, \u017ce whose mo\u017ce by\u0107 stosowane tylko w stosunku do ludzi i zwierz\u0105t. Warto jest o tym pami\u0119ta\u0107, gdy\u017c mo\u017cemy si\u0119 spotka\u0107 z g\u0142osami, kt\u00f3re twierdz\u0105, \u017ce u\u017cycie whose z rzeczami jest niepoprawne.<\/p>\n

This house whose<\/span> garden is blooming has a new owner.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Ten dom kt\u00f3rego ogr\u00f3d kwitnie ma nowego w\u0142a\u015bciciela.<\/p>\n

\n
Whose vs who\u2019s<\/h5>\n

Whose jest cz\u0119sto mylone z who\u2019s, gdy\u017c oba te s\u0142owa to homofony<\/a>, czyli wyrazy kt\u00f3re brzmi\u0105 podobnie ale maj\u0105 inne znaczenie. Jednak who\u2019s to skr\u00f3t od who is<\/em> lub who has<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Who\u2019s<\/strong> home? = Who is<\/strong> home?<\/div>\n

Kto jest w domu?<\/p>\n

Whose<\/strong> home is this?<\/div>\n

Czyj to dom?<\/p>\n

Bardziej szczeg\u00f3\u0142owe wyja\u015bnienie mo\u017cna znale\u017a\u0107 w artykule whose vs who\u2019s<\/a>.<\/div>\n

Zaimki wzgl\u0119dne: przyimki<\/h2>\n

Przyimki<\/a> stawiamy przed zaimkami wzgl\u0119dnymi (bardziej formalnie brzmi\u0105ce zdanie) lub na ko\u0144cu zdania (mniej formalnie brzmi\u0105ce zdanie).<\/p>\n

We spent four hours trying to get to Boston, of<\/span> which<\/span> three were spent in traffic.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Sp\u0119dzili\u015bmy cztery godziny pr\u00f3buj\u0105c dosta\u0107 si\u0119 do Bostonu z czego trzy sp\u0119dzili\u015bmy w korku.<\/p>\n

At<\/span> whose<\/span> expense are we currently partying?<\/strong><\/div>\n

Na czyj koszt w tej chwili imprezujemy?<\/p>\n

This meal, for<\/span> which<\/span> I didn\u2019t pay, was very good.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Ten posi\u0142ek, za kt\u00f3ry nie zap\u0142aci\u0142em\/am by\u0142 bardzo dobry.<\/p>\n

This is the car which<\/span> we came for<\/span>.<\/strong><\/div>\n

To jest samoch\u00f3d po kt\u00f3ry przyszli\u015bmy.<\/p>\n

I\u2019m talking about Adam whom<\/span> I work with<\/span>.<\/strong><\/div>\n

M\u00f3wi\u0119 o Adamie z kt\u00f3rym pracuje.<\/p>\n

This is John whom<\/span> I want to introduce you to<\/span>.<\/strong><\/div>\n

To jest John kt\u00f3remu chc\u0119 ci\u0119 przedstawi\u0107.<\/p>\n

W przypadku zaimka that przyimki zawsze stawiamy na ko\u0144cu zdania.<\/p>\n

I don\u2019t know a trick that<\/span> she didn\u2019t fall for<\/span>.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Nie znam sztuczki na kt\u00f3r\u0105 by si\u0119 nie nabra\u0142a.<\/p>\n

That’s the box that<\/span> the toy came in<\/span>.<\/strong><\/div>\n

To jest pude\u0142ko w kt\u00f3rym przysz\u0142a zabawka.<\/p>\n

\n

\"zaimki<\/p>\n

Zaimki wzgl\u0119dne: when, where, why<\/h2>\n

W mniej formalnych sytuacjach mo\u017cemy u\u017cywa\u0107 when, where oraz why jako zaimk\u00f3w wzgl\u0119dnych. When u\u017cywamy zamiast on which,<\/em> gdy m\u00f3wimy o czasie. Where u\u017cywamy w zdaniach w kt\u00f3rych okre\u015blamy miejsce zamiast at which.<\/em> Natomiast why u\u017cywamy zamiast for which,<\/em> gdy m\u00f3wimy o powodzie.<\/p>\n

I know a place where<\/span> (at which) they serve the best pizza in town.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Znam miejsce gdzie serwuj\u0105 najlepsz\u0105 pizz\u0119 w mie\u015bcie.<\/p>\n

Tomorrow is the day when<\/span> (on which) we conquer the world!<\/strong><\/div>\n

Jutro jest dzie\u0144 w kt\u00f3rym podbijemy \u015bwiat!<\/p>\n

I want to know the reason why<\/span> (for which) she\u2019s late.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Chc\u0119 zna\u0107 pow\u00f3d dla kt\u00f3rego ona si\u0119 sp\u00f3\u017ania.<\/p>\n

Z\u0142o\u017cone zaimki wzgl\u0119dne<\/h2>\n

Z\u0142o\u017cone zaimki wzgl\u0119dne, czyli compound relative pronouns<\/em> oznaczaj\u0105 “nie wa\u017cne kt\u00f3ry czy jaki”. Do z\u0142o\u017conych zaimk\u00f3w wzgl\u0119dnych nale\u017c\u0105: whoever, whichever, whomever etc. Z\u0142o\u017cone zaimki wzgl\u0119dne tworzymy poprzez dodanie do who, which, whom ko\u0144c\u00f3wki \u201cever\u201d.<\/p>\n

I don\u2019t want to talk to you, whoever<\/span> you are.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Nie chc\u0119 z tob\u0105 rozmawia\u0107, kimkolwiek jeste\u015b.<\/p>\n

They will support him whatever<\/span> he decides.<\/strong><\/div>\n

B\u0119d\u0105 go wspiera\u0107 cokolwiek zdecyduje.<\/p>\n

\n
Cleft sentences<\/h5>\n

Zaimki wzgl\u0119dne mo\u017cemy wykorzysta\u0107 w zdaniach rozszczepionych (cleft sentences)<\/b>. Przeczytaj o nich w artykule cleft sentences<\/a>.<\/div>\n

\"Rozpocznij<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zaimki wzgl\u0119dne: wst\u0119p Zaimki wzgl\u0119dne czyli relative pronouns to zaimki, kt\u00f3re wygl\u0105daj\u0105 jak s\u0142\u00f3wka pytaj\u0105ce ale wyst\u0119puj\u0105 w zdaniach oznajmuj\u0105cych. Najcz\u0119\u015bciej u\u017cywane zaimki wzgl\u0119dne to who, which, that. Rzadziej u\u017cywamy zaimk\u00f3w whose oraz whom. Zaimk\u00f3w wzgl\u0119dnych u\u017cywamy do tworzenia zda\u0144 wzgl\u0119dnych (relative clauses). Zaimki wzgl\u0119dne stawiamy po rzeczowniku lub zaimku, kt\u00f3ry modyfikuj\u0105. Kiedy u\u017cywamy zaimk\u00f3w […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":17249,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gramatyka"],"yoast_head":"\nZaimki wzgl\u0119dne WHAT, WHICH, THAT czyli relative pronouns | ELLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Zaimki wzgl\u0119dne (relative pronouns) u\u017cywamy do tworzenia zda\u0144 przydawkowych (relative clauses): which, that, what, who, whom, whoever...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ellalanguage.com\/blog\/zaimki-wzgledne-relative-pronouns\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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