{"id":16931,"date":"2020-09-28T06:00:44","date_gmt":"2020-09-28T04:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellalanguage.com\/blog\/?p=16931"},"modified":"2023-10-25T12:30:38","modified_gmt":"2023-10-25T10:30:38","slug":"reporting-verbs-czasowniki-mowy-zaleznej","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ellalanguage.com\/blog\/reporting-verbs-czasowniki-mowy-zaleznej\/","title":{"rendered":"Reporting verbs – czasowniki mowy zale\u017cnej"},"content":{"rendered":"

Reporting verbs: wst\u0119p<\/h1>\n

Reporting verbs to czasowniki, kt\u00f3rych u\u017cywamy aby przekaza\u0107 czyj\u0105\u015b wypowied\u017a. Stosujemy je w mowie zale\u017cnej (reported speech)<\/b>.<\/p>\n

\n
Kr\u00f3tkie przypomnienie jak tworzy\u0107 mow\u0119 zale\u017cn\u0105<\/h5>\n

Zdania w mowie zale\u017cnej tworzymy przy u\u017cyciu reporting verb oraz w niekt\u00f3rych zdaniach opcjonalnie that (zdanie ma to samo znaczenie bez wzgl\u0119du na to czy u\u017cyjemy that czy nie). Istotnym punktem w tworzeniu mowy zale\u017cnej jest cofni\u0119cie czasu gramatycznego w kt\u00f3rym jest dana wypowied\u017a o jeden czas do ty\u0142u (na przyk\u0142ad Present Simple<\/a> zmienia si\u0119 w Past Simple<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Present Simple => Past Simple<\/strong>
\nI eat ice cream every summer. => She said (that) she ate ice cream every summer.<\/p>\n

Po szczeg\u00f3\u0142owe wyja\u015bnienie na czym polega mowa zale\u017cna zapraszamy do artyku\u0142u reported speech: mowa zale\u017cna<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Reporting verbs: say, tell, ask<\/h2>\n

Najcz\u0119\u015bciej stosowane reporting verbs to say, tell<\/b> oraz ask<\/b>. Aby je u\u017cy\u0107 nale\u017cy zastosowa\u0107 odpowiedni\u0105 konstrukcj\u0119 zdania. Niekt\u00f3re z tych reporting verbs pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 w kilku r\u00f3\u017cnych konstrukcjach zda\u0144.<\/p>\n

Say<\/h3>\n

Say to jeden z najprostszych reporting verbs, kt\u00f3ry oznacza “powiedzia\u0142\/a”.<\/p>\n

say + (that) + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n
Lisa said<\/strong><\/span> (that) she would be late.<\/div>\n

Adam said<\/strong><\/span> that he had already seen that movie.<\/p>\n

\n

Tell<\/h3>\n

Tell r\u00f3wnie\u017c oznacza “powiedzie\u0107”, ale w rozumieniu “powiedzie\u0107 komu\u015b”, dlatego \u0142\u0105czy si\u0119 z osob\u0105. Czas przesz\u0142y od s\u0142owa tell to \u201ctold\u201d.<\/p>\n

tell + osoba + (that) + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n
John told<\/strong><\/span> me he had finished his homework.<\/div>\n

Adam told<\/strong><\/span> me that he had had an accident.<\/p>\n

W przypadku, gdy chcemy przekaza\u0107 czyj\u015b rozkaz u\u017cyjemy takiej oto konstrukcji zdania.<\/p>\n

tell + osoba + to + infinitive + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n
I told<\/strong><\/span> John to finish his homework.<\/div>\n

Anna told<\/strong><\/span> her husband to move out.<\/p>\n

\n
Say vs tell<\/h5>\n

Dowiedz si\u0119 wi\u0119cej o czasownikach say oraz tell w wpisu say vs tell<\/a>.<\/div>\n

\n

Ask<\/h3>\n

Ask u\u017cyjemy do przekazania pytania lub pro\u015bby. Gdy przekazujemy pytanie ask oznacza “zapyta\u0107”<\/p>\n

ask + osoba + if + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n
I asked<\/span><\/strong> him if he wanted to go home.<\/div>\n

The waiter asked<\/span><\/strong> us what we wanted to order.<\/p>\n

ask + osoba + s\u0142\u00f3wko pytaj\u0105ce + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n
She asked<\/span><\/strong> me why I had skipped work.<\/div>\n

Adam asked<\/span><\/strong> the workers how much time they had spent renovating the room.<\/p>\n

\n
Raportowanie pyta\u0144<\/h5>\n

W j\u0119zyku angielskim pytania najcz\u0119\u015bciej tworzymy przez inwersj\u0119<\/a>, czyli czasownik stawiamy przed<\/strong> podmiotem zdania. Gdy przytaczamy czyje\u015b pytanie przy u\u017cyciu reporting verbs to nie ma ono ju\u017c szyku pytania, ale zdania oznajmuj\u0105cego. To znaczy, \u017ce czasownik stawiamy po<\/strong> podmiocie zdania.<\/p>\n

Can I<\/u> go home?<\/div>\n

He asked if he could<\/u> go home.<\/p>\n

Wi\u0119cej na temat tego typu pyta\u0144 mo\u017cna znale\u017a\u0107 w artykule indirect questions<\/a>.<\/div>\n

W przypadku, gdy przekazujemy pro\u015bb\u0119 ask oznacza “poprosi\u0107”.<\/p>\n

ask + osoba + to + infinitive + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n
Adam asked<\/strong><\/span> me to pass a message to John.<\/div>\n

I asked<\/strong><\/span> my husband to do the groceries.<\/p>\n

\n
Czym jest infinitive?<\/h5>\n

Infinitive to podstawowa forma czasownika.<\/p>\n

to be<\/div>\n

to do<\/p>\n

Gerund to czasownik z ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0105 -ing.<\/p>\n

to be – being<\/div>\n

to do – doing<\/p>\n

Wi\u0119cej na temat tych form czasownika znajdziesz we wpisie infinitive vs gerund<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\"Nie<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

\"reporting<\/p>\n

Reporting verbs: konstrukcje<\/h2>\n

Chocia\u017c najcz\u0119\u015bciej stosujemy tell, ask, say to przy u\u017cyciu innych reporting verbs mo\u017cemy lepiej przekaza\u0107 czyj\u0105\u015b wypowied\u017a. Dzi\u0119ki reporting verbs mo\u017cemy powiedzie\u0107, \u017ce kto\u015b nam co\u015b doradzi\u0142 (advise)<\/strong>, obieca\u0142 (promise)<\/strong>, wyja\u015bni\u0142 (explain)<\/strong> etc. Oto konstrukcje w kt\u00f3rych pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 poszczeg\u00f3lne reporting verbs.<\/p>\n

reporting verb + (that) + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n

Reporting verbs: admit, advise, agree, decide, deny, explain, insist, promise, recommend, remind, suggest<\/i><\/p>\n

I insist<\/span><\/strong> (that) you come as well.<\/div>\n

She suggested<\/span><\/strong> (that) we should come early.<\/p>\n

\n
Subjunctive mood<\/h5>\n

W sytuacjach wymagaj\u0105cych formalnego j\u0119zyka mo\u017cemy u\u017cy\u0107 tej konstrukcji w trybie \u0142\u0105cz\u0105cym (subjunctive mood)<\/b>. Tryb \u0142\u0105cz\u0105cy u\u017cywamy, gdy chcemy wyrazi\u0107 co chcemy lub czego pragniemy. W tej konstrukcji w subjunctive mood u\u017cywamy czasownik\u00f3w w formie infinitive, dlatego w trzeciej osobie nie dodajemy ko\u0144c\u00f3wki -s (-es) do czasownika.<\/p>\n

I advised (that) she go home.<\/div>\n

I advised (that) she goes home.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

reporting verb + to + infinitive + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n

Reporting verbs: agree, decide, offer, promise, refuse, threaten<\/i><\/p>\n

She offered<\/strong><\/span> to help.<\/div>\n

He threatened<\/strong><\/span> to punch him.<\/p>\n

reporting verb + osoba + to + infinitive + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n

Reporting verbs: advise, encourage, invite, remind, warn<\/i><\/p>\n

Lisa encouraged<\/strong><\/span> us to study more.<\/div>\n

I invited<\/strong><\/span> her to the picnic.<\/p>\n

reporting verb + gerund + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n

Reporting verbs: deny, recommend, suggest<\/i><\/p>\n

I deny<\/strong><\/span> going against the rules.<\/div>\n

I suggest<\/strong><\/span> buying this car.<\/p>\n

reporting verb + przyimek + gerund + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n

Reporting verbs: advise, apologise, insist<\/i><\/p>\n

I advise<\/strong><\/span> against going this way.<\/div>\n

I insist<\/strong><\/span> on paying for the coffee.<\/p>\n

reporting verb + osoba + przyimek + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n

Reporting verbs: accuse, blame, congratulate<\/i><\/p>\n

She accused<\/strong><\/span> me of breaking the glass.<\/div>\n

I congratulate<\/strong><\/span> you on graduating college.<\/p>\n

\n

\"reporting<\/p>\n

Konstrukcje zdania specyficzne dla danego reporting verb<\/h2>\n

Apologise<\/h3>\n

apologise + (to + osoba +) for + gerund + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n
Mary apologized<\/strong><\/span> (to her) for losing the necklace.<\/div>\n

I apologize<\/strong><\/span> for being late.<\/p>\n

apologise + (to + osoba +) for + rzeczownik + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n
I apologize<\/strong><\/span> for the accident.<\/div>\n

They apologized<\/strong><\/span> to us for the incident.<\/p>\n

\n

Explain<\/h3>\n

explain + rzeczownik + to + osoba + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n

Adam explained<\/strong><\/span> the rules to John.<\/p>\n

explain + s\u0142\u00f3wko pytaj\u0105ce + to + infinitive + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n

He explained<\/strong><\/span> where to find the bakery.<\/p>\n

explain + s\u0142\u00f3wko pytaj\u0105ce + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n
She explained<\/span><\/strong> why she was late.<\/div>\n

Can you explain<\/span><\/strong> how this works?<\/p>\n

\n

Promise<\/h3>\n

promise + (osoba) + (that) + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n

I promised<\/strong><\/span> (her that) I would wash her car.<\/p>\n

\n

Remind<\/h3>\n

remind + osoba + (that) + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n

They reminded<\/strong><\/span> us (that) we need to buy the tickets first.<\/p>\n

\n

Warn<\/h3>\n

warn + osoba + about + reszta zdania<\/h5>\n

Mary warned<\/strong><\/span> me about you.<\/p>\n

\n

Reporting verbs: przeczenia<\/h2>\n

Przeczenie w zdaniach z reporting verbs zwykle tworzymy bez zmian.<\/p>\n

I don\u2019t like him.<\/div>\n

She said she didn\u2019t like<\/strong> him.<\/p>\n

\n
Reporting verbs: uczucia i fakty<\/h5>\n

W przypadku gdy m\u00f3wimy o sta\u0142ych odczuciach i faktach, kt\u00f3re si\u0119 nie zmieniaj\u0105 to nie musimy zmienia\u0107 czasu w mowie zale\u017cnej. Je\u015bli zak\u0142adamy, \u017ce dane uczucie si\u0119 nie zmieni\u0142o to mo\u017cemy zachowa\u0107 czas gramatyczny wypowiedzi. Czasowniki m\u00f3wi\u0105ce o uczuciach to love, like, hate etc.<\/p>\n

She said she doesn\u2019t like him. (Ona go nie lubi\u0142a i nadal go nie lubi)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Jednak je\u015bli w zdaniu mamy konstrukcj\u0119 to + infinitive, wtedy zwykle stawiamy not<\/i> przed to<\/i>.<\/p>\n

He decided not to do<\/strong> it.<\/p>\n

W przypadku zda\u0144 z gerund – not<\/i> stawiamy przed czasownikiem z ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0105 -ing.<\/p>\n

I recommend not calling<\/strong> her.<\/p>\n

\"Rozpocznij<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Reporting verbs: wst\u0119p Reporting verbs to czasowniki, kt\u00f3rych u\u017cywamy aby przekaza\u0107 czyj\u0105\u015b wypowied\u017a. Stosujemy je w mowie zale\u017cnej (reported speech). Kr\u00f3tkie przypomnienie jak tworzy\u0107 mow\u0119 zale\u017cn\u0105 Zdania w mowie zale\u017cnej tworzymy przy u\u017cyciu reporting verb oraz w niekt\u00f3rych zdaniach opcjonalnie that (zdanie ma to samo znaczenie bez wzgl\u0119du na to czy u\u017cyjemy that czy nie). […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":17235,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gramatyka"],"yoast_head":"\nReporting verbs - czasowniki mowy zale\u017cnej | ELLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Reporting verbs to czasowniki u\u017cywane w mowie zale\u017cnej. 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